Yes, you can. Output the factor scores. I use the scores from the first few factors. If you use a factor rotation, the factors will be independent of each other if the rotation used was orthogonal. Else, you need to use a multivariate analysis if an oblique rotation was used.
Factor scores are standardised Z values are unitless. When produced from Varimax Rotation resulting from orthogonal principal components, they become independent variables. They can therefore be used in any other analysis.
The output factor scores are also continuous or interval data and can be used for such furthet analysis as ANOVA or t test. Remember to decode them into categorical data if they are to be used as independent variables in ANOVA.