• Size-Dependent Peak Broadening: In nanomaterials like QDs, the XRD peaks exhibit significant broadening compared to bulk materials. This broadening is primarily due to the size effect. Smaller particles have fewer unit cells, leading to a less defined crystal lattice and broader diffraction peaks.
  • Scherrer Equation: The most common method to estimate the crystallite size from XRD peak broadening is using the Scherrer equation
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