What is the characteristic length to determine the Reynolds number for the scattered turbulent fluid flow?

Dear all, I just saw this example in FB on the difference between laminar flow and turbulent flow. The flow from a pipe hits the sink and scattered. The flow from the pipe is characterized as...

02 March 2021 1,999 5 View

Can Immunogenic BNT162b vaccines protect HUMANS from SARS-CoV-2?

"A safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19 is urgently needed in quantities sufficient to immunise large populations. We report the preclinical development of two BNT162b vaccine candidates,...

11 February 2021 6,628 9 View

Does Abaqus plugin AM-Modeler predict the same temperature/crystallinity history as UMATHT user-subroutine?

During AM process, progressively activation of elements can predict the temperature/crystallinity history, including surroundings heat losses and than this data could be used to determine the...

06 February 2021 4,686 1 View

Are the NTD ( N- Terminal Domain) targeted Antibodies Protected from SARS-CoV-II Infection?

20 January 2021 8,052 5 View

How is it that Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 Vaccine is Bearing Better Results?

A candidate vaccine spurs both younger and older people to make antibodies against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, according to early trial results. The vaccine, which is under development by Johnson...

14 January 2021 8,184 6 View

How Does a Mutation Undercut The Human Immune System to the COVID-19 Virus?

A handful of mutations to SARS-CoV-2 can help it to escape the immune response mounted by a subset of infected people. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00502-w Comprehensive mapping of...

13 January 2021 9,545 3 View

For How Long do the Antibodies Protect from a Reinfection of Covid-19?

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies confers subsequent immunity in most people for at least six months, a study of healthcare workers in Oxford, UK, has...

31 December 2020 8,973 6 View

How do mRNA vaccines work and what differentiates the technology from the rest?

Most vaccines contain an infectious pathogen or a part of it, but mRNA vaccines deliver the genetic instructions for our cells to make viral or bacterial proteins themselves. Our immune system...

25 December 2020 3,982 4 View

How to rectify the miscomputation of Pressure and Continuity in HVAC CFD Simulation Using OpenFOAM?

I'm using OpenFOAM to run a CFD study of thermal comfort within a hall. I'm using OpenFOAM v1912 and BouyantBoussinesq(Simple&Pimple)Foam solver. eI have 6 inlets and outlets each with specific...

21 December 2020 1,303 3 View

Why is an Appreciable Percentage of People Unwilling to receive Vaccination for COVID-19?

Almost 50% of US residents and ~ 33 % Britons have refused vaccination on one pretext or the other!! Angst related to side effects could be a cause or the alacrity of the vaccination's manufacture...

17 December 2020 1,667 17 View

I am interested in medicinal chemistry field, which books are highly recommended to learn from?

I am at the beginner level in drug design and drug discovery, and I am interested to learn more about this field. Which books are highly recommended to start from and gives me all essential...

02 March 2021 8,437 2 View

How to empty large intestine in mice ?

Hi all I am working on colon-targeted drug delivery for which I kept mice fasting for 6h using fasting grills during scotophase (dark period). I observed liquid fecal content in the cecum and...

23 February 2021 7,701 2 View

Can I use a protein-devoid condition as my negative control in ELISA?

Hello, I am running a sandwich-type ELISA where I am trying to inhibit a protein-protein interaction using small molecules. For each experiment, I determine my Z' (Z-prime) to determine the...

23 February 2021 7,429 1 View

How does the injection volume impact LLOQ and ULOQ in regression analysis (LC-MSMS)?

Hello, I have run into an issue that has sparkled a debate at work: is the LLOQ/ULOQ impacted by injection volume under the following circumstances: 1) Same dilution factor of all samples 2)...

23 February 2021 9,159 3 View

Can two EC50 values with different hill slopes be compared?

Hello, I fit a classical dose response curve Y=Bottom + (Top-Bottom)/(1+10^((LogEC-X)*HillSlope)) to my data (not related to inhibitors etc). The model I use is purely qualitative but it fits...

23 February 2021 8,155 5 View

I have a problem with kanamycin - why the kanamycin doesn't affect?

Hi everyone, I need to expression of GFP with pET28 plasmid in E. coli BL21(DE3) plysE. Transformed cells have kanamycin and chloramphenicol resistance. Normally, only transformed cells should...

22 February 2021 4,032 4 View

Found that there was a multiple band when amplifiying targeted gene ?

i few days ago amplified specific gene using PCR with specific primers, but there was a multiple band in electrophoregram i found. out of 10 sample amplified, there was multiple band and there was...

18 February 2021 5,131 5 View

Could you please share your experience with me on the type of 96 wells plate for MIC determination: Treated Vs Untreated and Round-Vs Flat-bottomed?

I am working on the MIC determination of various antibacterial agents (both water-soluble and- insoluble) against S. aureus, MRSA, and S. pyogenes. Some guidelines recommend using round-bottomed...

17 February 2021 7,029 3 View

Can 5-FOA Diffuse Through Agar?

I am preparing to do a gene knockout in the filamentous fungi Coccidioides posadasii targeting pyrG/URA3 so that 5-FOA can be used for selection pressure instead of traditional antibiotic...

16 February 2021 169 4 View

Which alginate is best for making gel for wound dressing application?

We are looking into utilizing alginate as a gel coating on an HDPE substrate for drug delivery. I would like to ask the community about their experience with alginate and which commercial sources...

15 February 2021 4,319 4 View