what is the efiecnt method for air pollution toxicity measurements directly, with bacteria.?
Please have a look at the paper of B. Turoczi et al.:
Comparative assessment of ecotoxicity of urban aerosol.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7365–7370, 2012
www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/7365/2012/
doi:10.5194/acp-12-7365-2012
Best regards
Uwe
I think you are referring to the Salmonella typhimurium/Ames mutagenicity bioassay. I previously worked with colleagues at Michigan Tech. University who performed this analysis on aliquots of extracted organic material from source measurements. A literature review should reveal considerable research on this topic for analysis of both source and ambient PM samples.
I am an engineer, not a microbiologist, so I will leave to others detailed description of the bioassay procedures or you can refer to the citations below. Briefly, the Ames test uses mutated strains of Salmonella typhimurium that require histidine for growth. The Ames test gauges the ability of a substance introduced to the bacterial culture to revert the strains back to a state where they can grow in a medium without histidine.
In my research, we collected particulate matter samples on PTFE-coated boroscillicate filters and semi-volatile organic compounds within packed XAD-2 resin bed. Organic samples from both were obtained via Soxhlet extraction. Samples were concentrated and separate aliquots were obtained for chemical analysis and for Ames mutagenicity bioassay.
Citations:
Maron, D.M. and Ames, B.N. (1983). Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutat. Res. 113:173-215.
Susan T. Bagiey, Linda D. Gratz, John H. Johnson, Joseph F. McDonald. Effects of an Oxidation Catalytic Converter and a Biodiesel Fuel on the Chemical, Mutagenic, and Particle Size Characteristics of Emissions from a Diesel Engine. Environmental Science and Technology 03/1998; 32(9):1183–1191.
Claudia Ramos de Rainho, Sérgio Machado Corrêa, José Luiz Mazzei, Claudia Alessandra Fortes Aiub, and Israel Felzenszwalb, “Genotoxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Derived in Respirable Airborne Particulate Matter Collected from Urban Areas of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil),” BioMed Research International, vol. 2013, Article ID 765352, 9 pages, 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/765352.
Hi Tawfiq,
The Ames test is meant for the organic fraction of PM. Metal compounds in PM should not be neglected as they are toxic too. So, it makes sense to monitor the total toxicity of PM. If you want to limit your choice to bacterial tests, than I support Uwe Kaminski's advice. There you will find a recent developed bacterial test based on Vibrio fischeri, a heterotrophic gram-negative bacteria. Here is the direct link: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/7365/2012/acp-12-7365-2012.pdf
Dear Eng.Josph,
Thank you very much for your respond, at the same time I 'm not microbiologist, but, I'm conducting a research, dealing with the use of Bioassays for the measurements of air particulate matter, and again thank you for your advice.
Hi: Marcel Severijnen,
Thank you very much for your contribution.
Best wishes
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