Yes PCR is the one of the simplest method to detect all the strains however the template DNA should the pure and need to optimize the PCR parameters as well as the PCR conditions. PCR can identify the even if you have a single bacterium but isolation of DNA and purification is most important
As I understand, each strain of E. coli has different primer. However, if I want to know all strains of E. coli in one sample, how many primers do I need?
Or do I have to use another technique rather than PCR?