Attached is an excerpt from a document I wrote a while back. It shows a derivation of your matrix equation and how to relate its solution to a circle with center (h,k) and radius A0.
It's a calculus problem. Take partial derivatives of f with respect to \tilde{h}, \tilde{k}, and b. This gives three expressions. Set each expression equal to 0 to get three equations. Express these three equations as one matrix equation and you have it.