Genus Ochrobactrum include versatile alphaproteobacteria with ability to colonize wide variety of habitats, such as soil, to water, plants, nematodes, insects, animals, and humans . Some species are non-rhyzobial root-nodulating bacteria. We found Ochrobactrum in large number (90% of all bacteria) in sugar beet roots at early stage of root rot symptoms. Can Ochrobactrum spp. cause root rot disease of sugar beet or it is just normal endophyte?