Immunological biomarkers can serve as valuable indicators for diagnosing and predicting infertility in both men and women. In men, antisperm antibodies (ASA) and immunological factors in semen can impair sperm function and motility, contributing to infertility. Autoimmune disorders and inflammatory markers can affect reproductive health in both genders, indicating an increased risk of infertility or pregnancy complications. In women, the immunological profile of the endometrium and the presence of elevated uterine natural killer (uNK) cells can influence implantation and pregnancy success. Additionally, hormonal imbalance and inflammatory markers may affect fertility by disrupting gamete production or maturation. Overall, assessing immune function, autoimmunity, inflammation, and hormonal regulation through immunological biomarkers can provide insights into potential underlying causes of infertility, guiding tailored treatment strategies to improve reproductive outcomes.