Dear friend,

The ethnic people use the medicinal plants at their fresh and crode form,just after collection from the living plants.We can not extract all the phytochemicals from a plant part and so we can not evaluate their actual effects.The solvents used for extraction of phytochemicals are deffinitely of limited efficacy .Many of the arometic phytochemicals and phytochemicals of low or ultra low concentrarion present in a plant part can not be evaluated by present methods, though their effects can not be denied.

So we should start evaluating the fresh and crude plant extracts on the designed animals just after collection from the living plants,as they are used by the ethnic people .

Withregards,

Dr.S.Pattanayak.

Dear Shibabrata,

Thank you for reply my email. I would like to know how I can find out all the included substances in a given plant.

I am highly appreciated if you reply me.

Thank you

Dear friend,

The present system of evaluation of the traditional use of plant or plant parts is to make the plant part/s (leaf, seed,root,stem etc.) dry under shade,then making dust from it and getting extraction by the use of different solvents like methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether,water etc.Sometimes crude(95% -100%) solvents are used, but generally 70% - 95% solvents are used for such extraction(other part is water).Continuous or interrupted shaking is ued during such extraction,either manually or with the help of shaking machine. then the material is filtered by using of filter paper and the filtrate is centrifuged. Supernatent is concentrated by rotary evaporator or freeze drying according to the requirements.The thick material is then diluted and used for different types of study like antibacterial efficacy testing,anti-inflammatory efficacy study etc. Then some chemicaltests are performed to to identify the presence of phytochemicals in it(qualititative and quantitative).The separated phytochemicals are against studied for deesired effects, both in vitro as well as in vivo to identify the actual active principle so that after identifying the structure of that phytochemical/s, same type of synthetic chemical/s may be develpoed and may be used as a new medicine.The details of each of these procedures can be found in different papers available in the internet.

Many good drugs are developed followinf this research system (like Artimisin - the antimalrial stock drug).If you again read my previous writing, you can understand that I want to point a new way of thinking. Alongwith the present worldwideway of research, we may think to validate the plant parts of the medicinal plants at its crude, fresh wholesome stage.This may create a new way of research and also n new way of treatment of diseases.If you like, you may see or downlod one of my paper related with 'Farm Medicinal plants' from my RG site or our free, poen access journal website of "Exploratory Animal and Medical Research" in www.animalmedicalresearch.org.

Thanking you,

Dr.S. Pattanayak.

A comprehensive exercise/analysis can never be very simple at all. There are for ways to do it:

1. extract plant sample (freeze dried and powdered , and fresh both) in ethanol, methanol (10-100%), propanol, butanol, chloroform,........ solvents. Freeze dry the extracts separately

2. Do NMR spectral analysis using crude extract

3. DOS

4. LC MS/MS

5. N-GSequencing (DNA, RNA, mRNA, miRNA, xRNA sequencing)

Sir,

The plant extracts may contain different phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins....,but expected to devoid of any neucleotide. Then how and where the procedures of nucleotide sequencing will be applied? Please explain.

With regards,

Dr.S.Pattanayak