Leather industries are the key players in the national economy of the country. However, unfortunately these industries are the major polluters. The wastewater generated cause soil and water pollution that is a major concern. Hence, the abatement is required.
Good afternoon Gaurav, the attached papers should help and also point you to other references and work
Paisio, C.E., Quevedo, M.R., Talano, M.A., González, P.S., Agostini, E., Application of two bacterial strains for wastewater bioremediation and assessment of phenolics biodegradation, (2014) Environmental Technology (United Kingdom), 35 (14), pp. 1802-1810.
Ostoich, M., Carcereri, M., Barbaro, J., River sediments' monitoring: Impact of tannery discharges, (2014) Management of Environmental Quality, 25 (4), pp. 379-406.
Sekaran, G., Karthikeyan, S., Boopathy, R., Maharaja, P., Gupta, V.K., Anandan, C., Response surface modeling for optimization heterocatalytic Fenton oxidation of persistence organic pollution in high total dissolved solid containing wastewater, (2014) Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21 (2), pp. 1489-1502.
Lofrano, G., Meriç, S., Zengin, G.E., Orhon, D., Chemical and biological treatment technologies for leather tannery chemicals and wastewaters: A review, (2013) Science of the Total Environment, 461-462, pp. 265-281.
Karim, M.R., Manshoven, S., Islam, M.R., Gascon, J.A., Ibarra, M., Diels, L., Rahman, M.M., Assessment of an urban contaminated site from tannery industries in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, (2013) Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste, 17 (1), pp. 52-61.
Shakir, L., Ejaz, S., Ashraf, M., Qureshi, N.A., Anjum, A.A., Iltaf, I., Javeed, A., Ecotoxicological risks associated with tannery effluent wastewater, (2012) Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 34 (2), pp. 180-191.
Zhou, H., Tan, Z., Li, X., Assessment of wastewater pollution in pig leather industry in China, (2012) Water and Environment Journal, 26 (4), pp. 521-529.
Zouboulis, A.I., Samaras, P., Krestou, A., Tzoupanos, N.D., Leather production modification methods towards minimization of tanning pollution: "Green tanning", (2012) Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 21 (8 B), pp. 2406-2412.
Garg, S.K., Tripathi, M., Srinath, T., Strategies for chromium bioremediation of tannery effluent, (2012) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 217, pp. 75-140.
Shakir, L., Ejaz, S., Ashraf, M., Ahmad, N., Javeed, A., Characterization of tannery effluent wastewater by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis to investigate their role in water pollution, (2012) Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 19 (2), pp. 492-501.
Repula, C.M.M., Quináia, S.P., De Campos, B.K., Ganzarolli, E.M., Lopes, M.C., Accumulation of chromium and lead in bryophytes and pteridophytes in a stream affected by tannery wastewater, (2012) Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88 (1), pp. 84-88.
Tigini, V., Giansanti, P., Mangiavillano, A., Pannocchia, A., Varese, G.C., Evaluation of toxicity, genotoxicity and environmental risk of simulated textile and tannery wastewaters with a battery of biotests, (2011) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 74 (4), pp. 866-873.
Gomes, L., Troiani, E.P., Nozaki, J., Analysis of the environmental impact on a stream: Is only tannery to blame?, (2011) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 173 (1-4), pp. 489-498.
Arias-Barreiro, C.R., Nishizak, H., Okubo, K., Aoyama, I., Mori, I.C., Ecotoxicological characterization of tannery wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh, (2010) Journal of Environmental Biology, 31 (4), pp. 471-475.
Gomes, L., Troiani, E.P., Nozaki, J., Analysis of the environmental impact on a stream: is only tannery to blame?, (2010) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, pp. 1-10. Article in Press.
Elsheikh, M.A.-S., Tannery wastewater pre-treatment, (2009) Water Science and Technology, 60 (2), pp. 433-440.
Tahiri, S., De La Guardia, M., Treatment and valorization of leather industry solid wastes: A review, (2009) Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, 104 (2), pp. 52-67.
Leghouchi, E., Laib, E., Guerbet, M., Evaluation of chromium contamination in water, sediment and vegetation caused by the tannery of Jijel (Algeria): A case study, (2009) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 153 (1-4), pp. 111-117.
Sinha, S., Singh, S., Mallick, S., Comparative growth response of two varieties of Vigna radiata L. (var. PDM 54 and var. NM 1) grown on different tannery sludge applications: Efects of treated wastewater and ground water used for irrigation, (2008) Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 30 (5), pp. 407-422.
Bhavan, S., Rao, J.R., Nair, B.U., A potential new commercial method for processing leather to reduce environmental impact, (2008) Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 15 (4), pp. 293-295.
Senthilkumar, S., Surianarayanan, M., Swaminathan, G., Biocalorimetric and respirometric studies on biological treatment of tannery saline wastewater, (2008) Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 78 (2), pp. 249-255.
Verma, T., Ramteke, P.W., Garg, S.K., Quality assessment of treated tannery wastewater with special emphasis on pathogenic E. coli detection through serotyping, (2008) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 145 (1-3), pp. 243-249.
Floqi, T., Vezi, D., Malollari, I., Identification and evaluation of water pollution from Albanian tanneries, (2007) Desalination, 213 (1-3), pp. 56-64.
Sahu, R.K., Katiyar, S., Tiwari, J., Kisku, G.C., Assessment of drain water receiving effluent from tanneries and its impact on soil and plants with particular emphasis on bioaccumulation of heavy metals, (2007) Journal of Environmental Biology, 28 (3), pp. 685-690.
Dominik, J., Vignati, D.A.L., Koukal, B., Pereira de Abreu, M.-H., Kottelat, R., Szalinska, E., Baś, B., Bobrowski, A., Speciation and environmental fate of chromium in rivers contaminated with tannery effluents, (2007) Engineering in Life Sciences, 7 (2), pp. 155-169.
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Sinha, S., Gupta, A.K., Bhatt, K., Pandey, K., Rai, U.N., Singh, K.P., Distribution of metals in the edible plants grown at Jajmau, Kanpur (India) receiving treated tannery wastewater: Relation with physico-chemical properties of the soil, (2006) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 115 (1-3), pp. 1-22.
Meriç, S., De Nicola, E., Iaccarino, M., Gallo, M., Di Gennaro, A., Morrone, G., Warnau, M., Belgiorno, V., Pagano, G., Toxicity of leather tanning wastewater effluents in sea urchin early development and in marine microalgae, (2005) Chemosphere, 61 (2), pp. 208-217.
Thanikaivelan, P., Rao, J.R., Nair, B.U., Ramasami, T., Recent trends in leather making: Processes, problems, and pathways, (2005) Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 35 (1), pp. 37-79.
Mijaylova Nacheva, P., Moeller Chávez, G., Juárez Herrera, M., Alternative treatment strategy for tannery water reuse and material recovery, (2004) Water Science and Technology, 50 (2), pp. 121-130.
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Sinha, S., Saxena, R., Singh, S., Comparative studies on accumulation of Cr from metal solution and tannery effluent under repeated metal exposure by aquatic plants: Its toxic effects, (2002) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 80 (1), pp. 17-31.
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Wiegant, W.M., Kalker, T.J.J., Sontakke, V.N., Zwaag, R.R., Full scale experience with tannery water management: An integrated approach, (1999) Water Science and Technology, 39 (5), pp. 169-176.
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Dear Cristian Simion,
A big thanks to you for sending me a lot of citations.
Here is a site in the USA that is pretty famous. There was a book and a movie made about it (A Civil Action). Many sources of contamination including a tannery site. Here is a link to the actual engineering report from the tannery waste site.
http://www.epa.gov/region1/superfund/sites/wellsgh/485987.pdf
This report has a list of all the chemicals used in the tannery process.
Good Luck on your research!
here attached the paper in that how the chromium from tannery effluent affect the environment.
I am not sure if you are interested about the legal aspects but in the UK one of the most famous environmental civil actions is
Cambridge Water Co Ltd v Eastern Counties Leather plc [1994] 1 All ER 53
The House of Lords (the British supreme court at that time) decision gives some details regarding groundwater chlorinated solvent concentrations and points towards other places where you can get information.
You can read the decision at:
http://www.nadr.co.uk/articles/published/ConstructionAdjudicationLawReports/Cambridge%20Water%20v%20Eastern%20Counties%201993.pdf
Thanks Sir increasing my knowledge, I have read this document with interest.
Hi! You could take a look to this article about how the Catalan ecolabel could assess the products of this kind of industry: "Use of life cycle assessment in the procedure for the establishment of environmental criteria in the catalan eco-label of leather" by Canals, LM; Domenech, X; Rieradevall, J; Puig, R; Fullana, P
Regards!
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