Can anyone provide some input on "impact of temperature on carbon dissolution rate in steel"?

In the context of the continuous casting process of Ultra-Low Carbon (ULC) steel grades, the temperature at which the steel is processed, often referred to as "superheat," can indeed have a significant impact on the carbon dissolution kinetics. The carbon dissolution rate in steel is influenced by temperature through several interconnected mechanisms:

Diffusion: Carbon dissolution involves the diffusion of carbon atoms from the solid steel matrix (ferrite or austenite) into the liquid phase. Higher temperatures provide more thermal energy to the atoms, increasing their kinetic energy and facilitating their movement, which in turn accelerates the rate of diffusion.

Solubility: The solubility of carbon in steel increases with temperature. As the temperature rises, the concentration of carbon that can be dissolved in the liquid phase also increases. This can lead to faster carbon dissolution rates, as the driving force for carbon atoms to move from the solid phase to the liquid phase becomes stronger.

Interfacial Reactions: At higher temperatures, the interface between the solid steel and the liquid mold is more reactive. This can lead to increased dissolution due to reactions between the carbon atoms at the surface of the solid steel and the surrounding liquid, facilitating the transfer of carbon into the liquid phase.

Mass Transport: The liquid steel's viscosity decreases with higher temperatures, resulting in improved mass transport and more efficient carbon atom movement through the liquid phase. This, in turn, can lead to faster dissolution rates.

Thermodynamic Driving Force: The difference in carbon concentration between the solid and liquid phases, known as the thermodynamic driving force, becomes more pronounced at higher temperatures. This higher driving force encourages carbon atoms to migrate from the solid to the liquid phase, increasing the dissolution rate.

Phase Transformation: ULC steels often contain a mixture of ferrite and austenite phases at different temperatures. The phase transformation between these two phases can influence the carbon dissolution rate. The kinetics of this transformation are temperature-dependent, and this can affect the overall rate of carbon dissolution.

It's important to note that while higher temperatures generally lead to increased carbon dissolution rates, there are practical limits to temperature due to factors such as equipment limitations, alloy composition, and potential adverse effects on the mechanical properties of the final product. Finding the optimal superheat temperature involves a balance between maximizing the carbon dissolution rate and maintaining the desired steel properties.

In the continuous casting process for ULC steel grades, controlling the superheat temperature can have implications for the final product's microstructure, mechanical properties, and overall quality. Adjusting the superheat temperature appropriately can help achieve the desired balance between carbon dissolution kinetics and the final steel properties.

Ameer K Ibraheem

The dissolution of carbon in molten steel increases with increasing superheating temperature. The type of the carbonaceous material (being coke or graphite) doesn't seem to affect the dissolution rate. You may find the following paper useful: Article Factors influencing dissolution of carbonaceous materials in...

Sanghamitra Bharati

Thank you for the inputs. Can I get the equation for Carbon dissolution rate with Temperature as one of a factor?

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