Please have a look at the following articles: You could search for the authors (Barros and Leps) and you will find more articles. 

de Medeiros, G. F., & Kripka, M. (2014). Optimization of reinforced concrete columns according to different environmental impact assessment parameters. Engineering Structures, 59, 185-194. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.10.045

Barros, M. H. F. M., Martins, R. A. F., & Barros, A. F. M. (2005). Cost optimization of singly and doubly reinforced concrete beams with EC2-2001. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 30(3), 236-242. doi: 10.1007/s00158-005-0516-2

Lepš, M., & Šejnoha, M. (2003). New approach to optimization of reinforced concrete beams. Computers & Structures, 81(18-19), 1957-1966. doi: 10.1016/s0045-7949(03)00215-3

EL DEBS, A. L. H., NETO, A. C., CHAVES, I. A., SQUARCIO, R. M. F., & LIRA, S. A. Optimization of cross section of reinforced concrete beam using experimental design.

http://www.engopt.org/wcsmo6/papers/4911.pdf

Respected sir,

Thank you for these references.

I will go through it. 

To be honest with you, this was an area of very intensive research some 10 years ago. The problem is that the out coming solutions are usually not great. Too complex, and often lack robustness. So if you want to do some research on this, I would recommend you look into structural robustness as well. Probably some measure of structural simplicity will also be interesting to have a look

Respected Neves sir,

Thank you for your valuable suggestion.

I tried with some investigation in the same. I will upload it in couple of days. Please have a look. Your feedback will add great value.

Dear colleague,

Although the above mentioned papers deal with different design codes, it is interesting to observe that they achieved similar conclusions.