Sonication will convert Graphite Oxide into Graphene Oxide but not Graphene.After oxidation of graphite, we get graphite oxide GO. Which is different from Graphene oxide because graphite oxide have the intercalate oxygen. So when we did exfoliation of Graphite Oxide we get graphene oxide and it is a single layer or few layers graphene in which oxygen is on either side.
The easiest way to exfoliate graphite oxide is sonication.
Reference: T. Minh-Hai and J. Hae Kyung, “Influence of the Grain Size of Precursor Graphite on the Synthesis of Graphite Oxide,” New Phys. Sae Mulli, vol. 63, no. 2, p. 206, Feb. 2013.
If you want to get graphene from graphene oxide after the Hummer's method, you will have to reduce the GO using either chemical (eg, hydrazine) or physical (heat) methods.
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