In my opinion at least one week treatment is necessary for the reason of achieving steady state conc. of plasma level of bioactive molecule. However, for potent herbs, neurotoxicity can be observed even after single administration.
Yea i guess if potent neurotoxic compounds are present you can observe changes immediately after first injection. Also long term injections can be traced and compared to single injection. You need to try it and you will see. Nothing can be predicted without experiments.
The only way to know is to run an initial study at a series of time points.
You also need to be very careful when working with plant extracts, since it's difficult to maintain consistent levels of bioactive molecules in that sort of preparation (in other words, the concentration of any neurotoxins present will vary between different batches of extract). Do you have any way of measuring the concentration of neurotoxin in either the leaf extract, or in the animal's blood after injection?
Length of administration of extract and animal response depends largely on a number of factors involving the nature/concentration of active non-nutritional components in the extract, dosage of extract, the weight of experimental animal used, feed and water intake protocol adopted, caging condition, species of animal used etc. Length of administration is therefore peculiar to experimental protocol/design. I wish you all the best.