The image is not clear enough to identify the fungus easily. But it seems to be Penicillium sp. The verticillate phialides of Penicillium are clearly seen in the microscopic image.
Regarding your comment "I do not understand how anybody can identify this as Penicillium, or anything else, from these three photos", I agree with you that these photos not enough for identification, but the phialides and conidiophore of Penicillium are clearly seen.
Yes, dear Dr. Michael, I also agree with you that the phialides and conidiophores are not the unique characters for depending on to identify Penicillium spp.