Sound is a form of energy which requires a medium for its propagation so yes we can describe the properties of a medium using soundwave properties
these are the few properties of sound signal(ex: rise,fall time, signal amplitude, signal energy, frequency). Tell me, is there any ways to describe medium properties(denstiy, temperature etc) by using signal charecteristics. prefer any authors , books, journals...
Your question is vast... all application of ultrasounds in non destructive testing use soundwave properties to estimate material parameters as density, stiffness, temperature or more exotic parameters...
could you precise which material properties you wish to estimate?
Velocity and atenuation of sound are directly related with the elastic constants and density of the media (see too Kramers–Kronig relations). In isotropic and lossless media this is a simple relation. For anisotropic media and considering losses, the relation is more complicated. On the other hand, using the resonance method, you can relate the frequency and atenuation with the soud path, density and the sound velocity in the medium.
the publications in this topic are abundant
"Wave Propagation in Elastic Solids" Jan Achenbach
"Ultrasonic Waves in Solid Media" Joseph L. Rose
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