What are method or solution available to increases strength of silicone rubber? Is it possible to add some agent to liquid silicon rubber to increase its physical property when its solidification takes place ?
What is silicon rubber? Silicon is a semi-metallic element. Do you mean silicone rubber?
Silicone rubber is mostly poly(dimethyl siloxane). The strength can be mostly improved by adding Aerosil or other silica aerogel. Non-treated aerogel particles give higher strength but it is harder to mix the particles homogeneously due to agglomeration. Increase of crosslink density may improve the strength value but decreases the elongation to break.
Some principles of formulation for addition curing and peroxide curing silicone rubbers can be found below
http://www.andisil.com/pdfs/Articles/11-8-16%20Formulating%20with%20Vinyl%20Gums%20for%20Addition%20Cure%20HCR.pdf
http://www.dcproducts.com.au/Technical_Library/Heat_Cured_Elastomers.pdf
https://www.jameswalker.biz/de/pdf_docs/148-elastomer-engineering-guide
http://www.rubbernews.com/article/20010723/ISSUE/307239979/peroxide-crosslinking-of-silicone-compounds
https://www.shinetsusilicone-global.com/catalog/pdf/rubber_e.pdf
http://www.ccl.net/cca/documents/MacMillan_Papers/formulating.pdf
http://www.milar.pl/media/%21downloads/Download-gumy-silikonowe-HTV.pdf
Like Gyorgy suggested, the addition of fumed silica can increase the physical strength of a silicone rubber. Additionally, the addition of an MQ silicone resin can also increase the strength of the rubber. Both change the elongation and other properties in a different way. The functionality on the MQ resin can be changed depending on the cure chemistry of the silicone rubber. If the silicone rubber is a platinum addition or peroxide cured rubber, then a vinyl MQ resin may be the type of resin you might want to add.
See page 10 of this brochure for VQM-135, VQM-146, or VQX-221 (you will have to remove the xylene if using VQX-221, but this would be the most effective additive) of the three. Note: Initial addition of this type of resin increases the strength of the silicone, but typically lowers the percent elongation. Eventually, adding too much of this type of additive will also lower the tensile strength too. There is a level at which the maximum properties will be reached.
Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) is one of the most important synthetic elastomers, it is easily processed and has good properties. The most common fillers with these characteristics are silica (precipitated and fumed), montmorillonite, carbon black, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, glass, and graphene. Although most of them change the color of LSR, while using Aerosil/silica aerogel are somehow colorless additives.
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