Maxwell's EMW theory in 1864 proves that the speed of light c = √ 1/μ ε = 3 E8 m/s.
In 2023, I. Abbas measured the exponential cooling curve of metals,
T(t)=T(0)Exp - λ*t
where the exponential decay coefficient λ* was found in the 4D unit space as a function of the thermal diffusivity α and the speed of light c.
By comparing the experimental value of α and that found in the thermal diffusivity tables, we arrive at a value of c close to 3E8 m/s.
They measure c , not predict it.
It has often been done.
Astronomically or in labs
The solution of heat diffusion equation in 4D unitary space via the B-mtrix chain technique predicts speed of signal C as,
c=T1/2 *log 2 * L^2/(thermal diffusivity,
Where T1/2 is half time of cooling curve in seconds.
For. Al cube T1/2=45 sec . . (1)
For iron. cube T1/2=100 sec . .(2)
Both 1,2 yield,c=2.9 E8 m/s
Cvv
I. Abbas measurements (in 2023)on cooling curve of Al cube 10 cm side length yield T1/2=45 sec and for iron cobe yield 100 sec,
Applying the above equation results in c=2.9 E3 for both cases.
We assume this is the. most important Q/A in the 21 century as how the solution of thermal diffusion equation in 4D unit space is related to the speed of light c? The answer is simple, the physics of mother nature works at the signal speed c.
To our knowledge the diffusivity α of energy density U(x,y,z,t) has never been properly defined.
The naive definition of thermal diffusivity as α = k/ρ s in normal conventions is also ugly. The need for a common definition for all types of energy density is obvious.
We start by asserting that for a volume of sample space V surrounded by a closed surface A, there exist two types of diffusivity α:
i-microscopic diffusivity with n free nodes inside V given by,
α = dU(x,y,z,t)/dt)partial/ U(x,y,z,t) . . . . . (11)
And,
ii-macroscopic diffusivity at the boundary surface surrounding V given by,
α = Wave C. Limit / Unodes
A striking fact is that the macroscopic diffusivity is exactly equal to the microscopic diffusivity.
This equivalence is a form of Laplacian's theorem. Another form of Laplacian's theorem is given by equation 1.
Furthermore, the solution of the heat diffusion equation in 4D unit space via B-matrix string technique predicts that the speed of the signal which is the speed of light in vacuum c as [9,10,11,12]
c=T1/2 *log 2 * L^2/ (thermal diffusivity α) . . . . (12)
α (Al) = 1.18 E-5 MKS units
α (Iron) = 2.5 E-5 MKS units
And,
T1/2 for aluminum cube of 10 cm side length = 45 sec.
T1/2 for iron cube of 10 cm side length = 100 sec.
Substituting the above values for α and T1/2 in equation 12 we arrive at a value of c close to Cemw = 2.9 E3 in both cases.
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Physical Sciences
- Materials Science
- Materials Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry