According to the literature (https://eljabiri1.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/Paper3.pdf), the following 28 process methods have been identified and evaluated using specific attributes: Waterfall, Prototyping Model, Evolutionary Models, Incremental and Iterative Models, V-Shaped Model, Spiral Model, MIS-Oriented Model, 4GT-Based Models, Rapid Application Development (RAD), TAME Model, CASE-Tools-Based Models, Object-Oriented Process Models, Unified Software Development Process, Component Assembly Model, Assembly from Reusable Components Model, Dynamic (Management-Oriented) Model, Behavioral Models, Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS), Formal-Based Models, Cleanroom (IBM) Model, Concurrent Development Model, Web-Based (Web Engineering) Models, Reengineering-Based Models, Process Improvement Models, Department of Defense (DOD) Model, NASA Model, Operational Specification Model, and Resource and Schedule Driven Model.
These methods were evaluated based on attributes such as Time Dimension (Evolution in Goals), Methodology, Technology, Critical Factors, Interdisciplinary Impacts, Behavioral Considerations, Problem Nature, and Application Domain.
Can some one provide novel process methods currently in practice, given the advancements in software development methodologies, and evaluate them based on the same attributes?
Adding Extreme Programming (XP) to the Comparison Matrix
Based on the analysis of Extreme Programming (XP) from Müller, M. and Padberg, F. (2003), I've added the XP model to our comparison matrix for software process models.
This framework illustrates how DevOps integrates methodologies, technologies, and behavioral shifts to improve software development operations effectively.
Lean Software Development is an agile methodology that focuses on delivering maximum value to customers by eliminating waste and continuously improving processes. It emphasizes principles like amplifying learning, deciding as late as possible, and delivering as fast as possible to enhance efficiency and product quality.
Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) is an extension of Test-Driven Development (TDD) that encourages collaboration among developers, testers, and business stakeholders to ensure that software development meets business requirements. The methodology focuses on specifying the behavior of a system in a language that non-technical stakeholders can understand.
Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) is an agile project delivery framework primarily used as a software development methodology.DSDM emphasizes iterative and incremental development, continuous user involvement, and the delivery of functional systems. It provides a disciplined approach to project management and focuses on delivering business value early and continuously throughout the project lifecycle.
Microservices Architecture
Microservices architecture designs applications as a collection of small, independent services, each focused on a specific business function. It uses agile methodologies and technologies like Docker, Kubernetes, and RESTful APIs. Key factors for success include defining clear service boundaries, managing decentralized data, and ensuring scalability. This approach is popular in e-commerce, finance, healthcare, and IoT for its flexibility and adaptability.
Feature-Driven Development (FDD) is an agile software development methodology that emphasizes delivering tangible features through short iterative cycles. It focuses on creating an overall system model and a detailed list of features to be developed incrementally. FDD is client-centric and architecture-centric, ensuring the development aligns with client needs and technical best practices. Work is organized around specific features, with regular status reporting to track progress and ensure timely completion and integration. This structured yet flexible approach combines domain object modeling and iterative development, promoting efficient delivery of high-quality software.
No-code/low-code development platforms enable users to build applications quickly using visual interfaces and pre-built components, significantly reducing the need for traditional coding skills. These platforms are designed to democratize software development, allowing business users (citizen developers) to create and customize applications, thereby accelerating digital transformation initiatives. Key technologies involved include cloud-based environments, AI-driven automation, and extensive integration capabilities with other services.
Disciplined Agile Delivery (DAD) is a hybrid agile framework that combines elements from Scrum, Lean, and other agile methodologies. It emphasizes a comprehensive, context-driven approach to software development, covering the full delivery lifecycle from project initiation to production, focusing on delivery, quality, and risk management.
BizDevOps as an extension of DevOps, reinforces the collaboration between business, development, and operation stakeholders in the organization in order to enhance the software cycle. While BizDevOps has not yet received much attention in academic circles, it has gained considerable prestige in the industry area. This situation reflects a gap between theory and practice in this context.
Continuous Integration Continuous Verification (CICV)
- Overview: Expands on Continuous Integration (CI) by including continuous verification processes.
- Key Features: Automated testing, security checks, and compliance verification integrated into the CI pipeline Immediate feedback on code changes Ensuring every code change is verified and meets all requirements before merging
- Benefits: Reduces integration issues, enhances code quality, and ensures compliance and security from the start.
The Kanban process model is a highly visual project management methodology originating from lean manufacturing principles, designed to enhance workflow efficiency and minimize waste. Utilizing Kanban boards and cards, it provides a clear representation of tasks and their progress through various stages, such as "To Do," "In Progress," and "Done." Key features include Work In Progress (WIP) limits to prevent task overload, ensuring teams focus on completing tasks efficiently. Kanban promotes continuous improvement through regular reviews and emphasizes maintaining a smooth flow of work items, quickly identifying and addressing bottlenecks. Its flexibility and adaptability make it suitable for various domains, including manufacturing, software development, and service industries, where it enhances visibility, efficiency, and collaboration among team members.
Process Focus:
- Development Paradigm: How the model approaches software development (e.g., Agile, Waterfall, Iterative, Continuous Delivery).
- Project Scope: Suitability for small, medium, or large projects.
- Project Type: Whether it's specific to web development, embedded systems, or other domains.
Iteration and Feedback:
- Level of Iteration: Highly iterative, moderately iterative, or linear.
- Feedback Mechanisms: How the model incorporates user feedback and testing results.
- Change Management: How the model handles changes in requirements or scope.
Team and Collaboration:
- Team Size and Structure: Suitable for small, co-located teams or large, distributed teams.
- Communication and Collaboration Tools: Integration with specific collaboration platforms.
- Roles and Responsibilities: Definition of roles within the development process.
Technology and Tools:
- Specific Technologies: Focus on integrating with AI, DevOps tools, or specific programming languages.
- Automation Level: Amount of automation supported in development tasks.
- Data Management and Analytics: How the model incorporates data and analytics for decision making.
GitOps
GitOps is a novel process method currently in practice for managing infrastructure and applications by leveraging Git as the single source of truth. GitOps automates infrastructure provisioning and deployment by using declarative configuration files kept in Git repositories, guaranteeing that the intended state of systems is continuously maintained. By offering version control, audit trails, and the simplicity to undo changes, tools such as Argo CD and Flux continuously synchronize the current state with the ideal state specified in Git, improving operational efficiency and dependability.
Value Stream Management (VSM)
Overview:
Focuses on improving the flow of value through the software development lifecycle.
Key Features:
~ Mapping and analyzing the entire development process from idea to delivery
~ Identifying and eliminating bottlenecks
Continuous improvement based on metrics and feedback
Benefits:
Enhances efficiency, reduces waste, and improves delivery speed by optimizing the entire value stream.
Big Evo project management methodology describes how Agile techniques are evolving and being integrated into larger-scale projects. This paradigm places a strong emphasis on adaptability, flexibility, and ongoing input in order to successfully manage intricate, large-scale projects. Use of cross-functional teams, iterative development, and strong project management systems are important components that guarantee adaptability to changes and stakeholder needs.
Unified Process (UP) is a flexible software development framework that uses iterative and incremental development. It has four phases: Inception (defining scope and feasibility), Elaboration (addressing high-risk elements and refining architecture), Construction (building the software incrementally), and Transition (moving the system to production). This approach helps manage risks, ensure continuous feedback, and improve software quality
No-code development is an approach to software creation that allows users to build applications using visual interfaces and pre-built components, without needing to write code. It empowers non-programmers to create functional software solutions quickly and efficiently. This method reduces development time and costs, making it accessible to a wider range of users. No-code platforms are widely used across various industries for tasks ranging from internal tools to customer-facing applications.
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