I'm researching mummies and I am trying to find pathologies for my study. I am not sure whether it is the angle of the x ray causing these 2 circles in the orbit or whether it is an anomaly.
That one is fun! I am assuming that you are referring to the small foramen indicated at the arrow on the segment of your image that I have attached. The superior circle is the optic foramen and the inferior circle is the medial aspect of the superior orbital fissure.
I noticed that the University of Liverpool has a Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy department within the School of Health Sciences. Their Head is Dr. Stuart Mackay. He may be able to connect you to someone that can help you screen your images.
Carla
Apparently the skeletal picture replaced the one with the arrow. Here it is.
Because of the way the head is turned, the bony structures on the outer part of the orbit overlap most of the superior orbital fissure, leaving only the roundish part closest to the optic foramen visible.
Thanks I thought it was normal but wanted to check, my research on the mummies I have hasn't provided me with any exciting pathologies ( I'm sort of clutching at straws). I'm use to working with physical material, these are old x rays I sadly can't retake. I will try get a hold of him thanks for the help it is greatly appreciated :)
These seems normal structures as Allen said. to confirm more take another shot by turning the head straight we call it anteroposterior view and if you are not allowed to touch the mummy the turn your tube so that the center of you tube the center of the eyes of mummy and the image plate ( digital sensors or conventional are in one line). by doing so you will get the other eye to compare with.
other thing you may try is to recreate the conditions you imaged earlier that is take a skull position it in the mummy's position and take a X-ray as exactly as you did earlier ans compare the images.
well there are only to provide you the evidence but otherwise these structures appear normal but are prominent due to their typical position and lack of normal live healthy soft tissue in between.
The foramen rotundum runs parallel to the cranial floor and basically parallel to the cribiform plate. It can occasionally be seen radiographically through the maxillary sinus. The foramen ovale runs perpendicular to the cranial floor and is typically superimposed radiographically by the greater wing of the sphenoid. As these foramen are situated perpendicular to one another, it is radiographically impossible to demonstrate both open at the same time.
The foramen in the image in question are demonstrated with a significant head tilt, which would cause the foramen rotundum to be obscured by bone, rather than open. The head tilt also places the central ray of the x-ray beam in alignment with the optic foramen and superior orbital fissure, which are seen in appropriately close proximity to the lesser wing of the sphenoid.
I am attaching a comparison Rhese projection of the orbit - A and B. Schematic showing positioning for an oblique apical projection (Rhese position). (CR, central ray; CM, canthomeatal line) C. Radiograph of an oblique apical projection. (a, right optic canal; b, optic strut; c, superior orbital fissure; d, ethmoid sinus; e, planum sphenoidale; f, greater wing of sphenoid) (A and B; Rao VM, Gonzalez CF: Plain film radiography and polytomography of the orbit. In Gonzalez CF, Becker MH, Flanagan JC [eds]: Diagnostic Imaging in Ophthalmology, pp 1–7. New York, Springer Verlag, 1986)
Hi. The superomedial one is the optic canal and the other one is superior orbital fissure. These are normal anatomy.
I aeree with the diagnosi of normal anatomic findings corresponding to the optic canal and a part of splendidal fissure
Thank you all for the comments I know now it's a normal trait.
Hi Mercedes this is the only image I have of the thoracic,she is a bit disarticulated as you can see from the lower thoracics.
I agree with all the above answers. These foramina are normal anatomy.
Having CT scanned 8 of the mummies in the Liverpool Museum, I'm interested to know which mummy this is. There also seem to be significant abnormalities in the rib cage.
Feel free to contact me through my Manchester email address.
Bob
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