Much empirical and experimental work shows that, compared to amorphous organic carbon, black carbon/soot carbon (BC/SC) binds much more aggressively to PCBs, and PAHs and other very hydrophobic substances. While there are methods to quantitatively estimate the impact of mixtures of BC/SC and amorphous organic carbon on PAH bioavailability (e.g., USEPA 2012 EPA/600/R-02/012 | December 2012), I cannot find whether these methods, or others, can be applied to estimating BC/SC effects on PCB bioavailability as well. Anyone know whether the methods described in USEPA (2012) can be applied? Or if other quantitative methods exist? Thanks, in advance.
The current method for BC quantification in complex environ- mental matrices isa modification of the Chemo-thermal Oxidation Method (CTO) technique described by Gustaffson et al.[1997]
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Article Evaluation of a protocol for the quantification of black car...
There are several research groups working on this. Maybe a good place to start is a recent cross-validation study where equilibrium sampling with coated jars and non-equilibrium sampling with LDPE were used to measure freely dissolved PCB concentrations in sediment, in the absence and presence of activated carbon. This paper is from 2017 and there is a related workshop paper about these types of measurement methods from 2014:
Article Cross Validation of Two Partitioning-Based Sampling Approach...
Article Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: Scienti...
This type of partitioning based sampling to measure freely dissolved PCB and PAH concentrations in sediments started in 2000, and you can do a citation search on the first paper to get an overview of the research and development in this area.
Article Sensing Dissolved Sediment Porewater Concentrations of Persi...
Finally, there is another line of research and development, where bioavailability is measured and expressed as bioaccessibile concentrations. In my view, freely dissolved concentrations and bioaccessibility are complementary, and it is good to think carefully about which of these two parameters is most relevant for a given question and context.
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