Originally, Ubiquitous Computing (coined by Mark Weiser in 1991, "The Computer for the 21st century", see link for source) referred to a paradigm shift in which a general purpose machine (the PC) will be replaced by a large number of specialized computers, which are embedded into everyday objects. A typical application for this is the smart home. So Ubiquitous Computing as a vision was much more than technology - it dealt with the question of how users would interact with a environment that is physical but enriched with computing, i.e. digital functionality. Pervasive computing is pretty much the same thing, just coined by somebody else (and after Mark Weiser).
The Internet of Things was originally thought as extending the principles of the Internet as a network organisation concept to physical things. That is, things would get a unique ID, which is machine readable and an associated digital representation on the web. The term was coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999. A great deal of work on this has been done by the Auto-ID Labs at MIT and University of St. Gallen, especially with relation to Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and its applications, especially in logistics (tracking & tracing). Many relevant standards have been developed by GS1 under the EPC (Electronic Product Code) umbrella. Some of them clearly carry the concept of transferring Internet Standards to the physical world, such as EPC as adressing scheme (like IP) or the Object Naming Service (ONS), similar to DNS.
So, whereas UbiComp was designed to make objects intelligent and create richer interaction, the Internet of Things was much more focussed on virtual representations of automatically identifiable objects. Obviously, both concepts are important pieces of a future Internet.
Both concepts were subsequently enhanced, which is why these terms are used interchangeably today. Another reason for this is the much wider reception of these developments by the general public, where academic definitions of terms are of less importance.
And there are new ones, like Internet of Everything, Cyber-Physical Systems, Industrial Internet, Physical Web, Web 3.0, and Web of Things, which are also part of the general phenomenon.
PS: A good source to better understand the history is Chapter 1 of "Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP - the next Internet" by Vasseur and Dunkels (see link for source)
http://www.portal.inf.ufg.br/~brunoos/books/Interconnecting%20Smart%20Objects%20with%20IP.pdf
http://wiki.daimi.au.dk/pca/_files/weiser-orig.pdf
I'd be happy to call pervasive computing mobile computing, and to call ubiquitous computing embedded or invisible or transparent computing -- or even just built-in functions.
Strictly speaking
pervasive is somewhere
ubiquitous is everywhere
but in practice I don't think there is any difference and they are just different terms to describe the same computing models.
IoT on the other hand I would consider it to be an application of pervasive/ubiquitous computing
Originally, Ubiquitous Computing (coined by Mark Weiser in 1991, "The Computer for the 21st century", see link for source) referred to a paradigm shift in which a general purpose machine (the PC) will be replaced by a large number of specialized computers, which are embedded into everyday objects. A typical application for this is the smart home. So Ubiquitous Computing as a vision was much more than technology - it dealt with the question of how users would interact with a environment that is physical but enriched with computing, i.e. digital functionality. Pervasive computing is pretty much the same thing, just coined by somebody else (and after Mark Weiser).
The Internet of Things was originally thought as extending the principles of the Internet as a network organisation concept to physical things. That is, things would get a unique ID, which is machine readable and an associated digital representation on the web. The term was coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999. A great deal of work on this has been done by the Auto-ID Labs at MIT and University of St. Gallen, especially with relation to Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and its applications, especially in logistics (tracking & tracing). Many relevant standards have been developed by GS1 under the EPC (Electronic Product Code) umbrella. Some of them clearly carry the concept of transferring Internet Standards to the physical world, such as EPC as adressing scheme (like IP) or the Object Naming Service (ONS), similar to DNS.
So, whereas UbiComp was designed to make objects intelligent and create richer interaction, the Internet of Things was much more focussed on virtual representations of automatically identifiable objects. Obviously, both concepts are important pieces of a future Internet.
Both concepts were subsequently enhanced, which is why these terms are used interchangeably today. Another reason for this is the much wider reception of these developments by the general public, where academic definitions of terms are of less importance.
And there are new ones, like Internet of Everything, Cyber-Physical Systems, Industrial Internet, Physical Web, Web 3.0, and Web of Things, which are also part of the general phenomenon.
PS: A good source to better understand the history is Chapter 1 of "Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP - the next Internet" by Vasseur and Dunkels (see link for source)
http://www.portal.inf.ufg.br/~brunoos/books/Interconnecting%20Smart%20Objects%20with%20IP.pdf
http://wiki.daimi.au.dk/pca/_files/weiser-orig.pdf
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