In my opinion, one of the relevant issues that need to be study in depth is the environment impact of renewable energy technologies, such as wind power, solar power, geothermal energy, biomass for electricity hydroelectric power and hydrokinetic energy.
Another issue to be study in depth is the possibility that all renewable energy sources can replace the use of fossil fuels completely in the coming decades.
A third issue is the best combination of fossil fuels and renewable in the energy mix of a country during the transition period.
I've worked several projects that use landfill gas. It only sort of works and has lots of problems, everything from low methane content to siloxanes that crud up anything they touch. The machines (burners, gas turbines, etc.) that are used to take advantage of this "not exactly free" fuel are designed for very high quality natural gas and so have lots of maintenance problems. Would that someone could invent a machine that could burn this stuff and not have those problems. Even if the efficiency were only half, it would be a bargain.
There has been a recent increase of interest in geothermal, specifically organic (and inorganic) Rankine cycle plants. Some have been built and more are underway. I have analyzed and tested several in North and South America and have contributed to the design of others. I provided testing and analysis for The Geysers plant in California, which uses the steam directly with barometric condensers. Recently, NOVEC 649 and 1230 have been declared the most "green friendly" refrigerants with respect to global warming potential. You can do significant modeling with Excel to evaluate various alternatives in design and working fluids. You can download a thermodynamic property Excel Add-In from my web site (http://www.dudleybenton.altervista.org/miscellaneous/NOVEC649.zip), as well as software to create a property Add-In for whatever else you might need. I attached a spreadsheet that solves a classic Rankine cycle as an example. You can also download a steam AddIn http://www.dudleybenton.altervista.org/miscellaneous/AllSteam102.zip
The recently developed Regenerative Heat of Solution (REHOS) thermodynamic cycle will have a global impact on renewable thermal energy utilization globally. It is mainly heat exchange in direct contact as well as the use of zeotropic binary mixtures that need a lot of optimization. A thesis on the development and impact of the REHOS cycle would be very usable by the world's energy community.
With the Green New Deal and other policy proposals there is a lot of clamour for more renewable energy and more wind and solar in particular; meanwhile these technologies keep getting cheaper which emboldens their supporters even more. However as the amount of intermittent non-dispatchable generation increases, the utility value of it reduces and the cost of system operations increases and the net reduction in emissions for each block of capacity diminishes. What guidance, what structured approach to this opportunity can best support policymakers to make informed decisions that create value and achieve desired environmental outcomes without creating large increases energy cost and the energy poverty that comes with that. What frameworks and tools can be created to support the formation of good policy around renewable energy systems that are flexible enough to work in multiple jurisdictions?