Are there any research work done on phosphorus deficiency tolerance of Bangladeshi rice cultivars/varieties. Please refer me the articles/report etc. if possible. Thanks in advance.
Nice question , but these literatures may not be exclusively applicable to Bangladeshi rice , but would be very useful in the context of question..
Abstract ;The negative charge at the root surface is mainly derived from the phosphate group of phospholipids in plasma membranes (PMs) and the carboxyl group of pectins in cell walls, which are usually neutralized by calcium (Ca) ions contributing to maintain the root integrity. The major toxic effect of aluminum (Al) in plants is the inhibition of root elongation due to Al binding tightly to these negative sites in exchange for Ca. Because phospholipid and pectin concentrations decrease in roots of some plant species under phosphorus (P)-limiting conditions, we hypothesized that rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings grown under Plimiting conditions would demonstrate enhanced Al tolerance because of their fewer sites on their roots. For pretreatment, rice seedlings were grown in a culture solution with (+P) or without (−P) P. Thereafter, the seedlings were transferred to a solution with or without Al, and the lipid, pectin, hemicellulose, and mineral concentrations as well as Al tolerance were then determined. Furthermore, the low-Ca tolerance of P-pretreated seedlings was investigated under different pH conditions. The concentrations of phospholipids and pectins in the roots of rice receiving −P pretreatment were lower than those receiving +P pretreatment. As expected, seedlings receiving the −P pretreatment showed enhanced Al tolerance,
accompanied by the decrease in Al accumulation in their roots and shoots. This low P-induced enhanced Altolerance was not explained by enhanced antioxidant activities or organic acid secretion from roots but by the decrease inphospholipid and pectinconcentrations inthe roots.Inaddition, low-Ca tolerance ofthe roots was enhanced by the −P pretreatment under low pH conditions. This low P-induced enhancement of low-Ca tolerance may be related to the lower Ca requirement to maintain PM and cell wall structures in roots of rice with fewer phospholipids and pectins. Source : Journal of Plant Physiology 171 (2014) 9–15
Abstract :Phosphorus (P) deficiency in soil is a major constrain for rice production. An important set of rice genotypes (landraces, old improved and new improved varieties) were screened for P deficiency tolerance in two major cropping seasons of Sri Lanka, in 2012. The Ultisol soil, which was collected from a plot cultivated with rice without fertilizer application for past 40 years (P0) at the Rice Research and Development Institute (RRDI), Bathalagoda, Sri Lanka, was used as the potting medium for greenhouse trials. Two field trials were conducted in the same plots at RRDI. Both P0 and P30 (30 mg/kg P2O5) conditions were used in the two greenhouse trials. At the early vegetative (three weeks after transplanting), late vegetative (six weeks after transplanting) and flowering stages, plant height and number of tillers per plant were recorded. At the flowering stage, shoots were harvested and shoot dry weight, shoot P concentration, shoot P uptake and P utilization efficiency were measured. All data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, regression and cluster procedures. The measured parameters were significantly different between P0 and P30 conditions (P < 0.05). Higher shoot dry weight was reported by the rice genotypes H4 and Marss under P0 conditions. The regression analysis between shoot dry weight and P utilization efficiency revealed that the studied rice genotypes could be categorized to three P deficiency tolerance classes. A total of 13 genotypes could be considered as highly tolerant and 4 genotypes as sensitive for P deficiency. These results could be used to select parental genotypes for breeding and genetic studies and also to select interesting varieties or landraces for organic rice production. Source ; Rice Science
Volume 23, Issue 4, July 2016, Pages 184–195 PDFs enclosed fro further reading
Complements to Dr Anoop sir for providing very useful inputs. Thus, the root architecture holds immense importance in evaluating rice genotypes for P use efficiency. The following paragraph is reproduced from the book and may be reviwed:
In a study in an irrigated area on a severely P-deficient Vertisol (2.5 ppm Olsen-P), we observed that direct-seeded rice performed better than transplanted rice at lower levels of fertilizer application. At higher levels, both systems performed equally well. We observed that the rice (varieties Mahamaya and IR36) roots exude ions that can lower the rhizosphere pH to around 4.0 by using the agar plate technique described earlier. This technique can be used for initial screening to identify nutrient efficient genotypes. In soils of pH 7.8 and a high amount of Ca-P, pH changes of this extent may have a significant effect on P extraction. In addition, such rhizosphere pH changes were observed only in direct-seeded rice when the crop grew initially under aerobic conditions. In the puddled rice system or anaerobic phase of direct-seeded rice culture, exudates might become diluted because of excess water. The significance of this phenomenon for the nutrition of rainfed rice needs further attention. We also observed that rice plants could develop very fine root hairs on young roots when grown under upland aerated conditions during the first 30-40 d. Such root hairs are usually absent in transplanted rice. This trait seems to be important for the efficient use of nutrients. [Ladha et al, 1998, pp 119-120]
Ladha, J.K., Wade, L., Dobermann, A., Reichhardt, W., Kirk, G.J.D., Piggin, C. (Eds.), 1998. Rainfed lowland rice: Advances in nutrient management research. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines, 304 pp.
Phosphate solubilizing microbes play a significant role in soil P availability and ultimately plant uptake. The following article reported work on effect of Al3+ concentration on sensitivity of rice root and plant growth promoting bacteria:
Parts from a recent publication is reproduced here and may be reviewed if found worthy:
Rice plants in the field have a special defense mechanism to somewhat reduce Al toxicity. It is seen that Al3+ is attracted to the negatively charged cell walls of rice roots. When the Al3+ reaches the cell walls, the roots begin to release citric, oxalic, and salicylic acids. The higher the Al3+ on the cell walls, the more organic acids the rice roots would release. These acids, in turn, chelate the Al3+, rendering it inactive. In this way, the rice plants growing in the field under acid sulfate soils are able to reduce Al3+ toxicity. The addition of microbes into the soils can somewhat reduce Al toxicity. To show this, a laboratory study was conducted to determine the effect of beneficial bacteria on the growth of rice seedlings (variety MR219) using different Al concentrations at low pH. Rice seedlings were grown in solutions containing Al at 0, 50, and 100 mM for 15 days. Higher root volume was found (increase by 33–307%) in the inoculated treatments compared to control. It is known that Al toxicity is one of the major factors influencing plant root growth. In acid sulfate soil, Al3+ restricts the growth of roots by inhibition of cell division or cell elongation, or both (Marschner, 1991). In this study, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB 16, ASB 7, ASB 21) and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Sb16) were able to produce low molecular-weight organic acids (Panhwar et al., 2012) that were able to reduce Al toxicity. [Shamshuddin et al 2014, pp 111-112]
Shamshuddin J, Elisa Azura A, Shazana MARS, Fauziah CI, Panhwar QA, Naher UA (2014) Chapter three—properties and management of acid sulfate soils in Southeast Asia for sustainable cultivation of rice, oil palm, and cocoa. In: Donald LS (ed) Advances in agronomy, Volume 124. Academic Press, pp 91–142.