I hope the paper by Bohumil Volesky  titled  "Biosorption and me" will be helpful to get an overall idea of the process and its applications.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135407004344

Thank you, Arun! I know very the overall idea and have read most of the articles by Dr. Volesky (sometimes called the pioneer of the biosorption). Most of the studies are lab scale batch experiments, so it is not easy to find full scale systems, where biosorbents have been used. I know that there were some constructed wetlands, where peat was used as a material, but I am not sure whether there are such systems systems now days.

Thank you, Arun! I know very the overall idea and have read most of the articles by Dr. Volesky (sometimes called the pioneer of the biosorption). Most of the studies are lab scale batch experiments, so it is not easy to find full scale systems, where biosorbents have been used. I know that there were some constructed wetlands, where peat was used as a material, but I am not sure whether there are such systems nowadays.

Coconut-based biosorbents for water treatment--a review of the recent literature. for..more informantion here please:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20656282

Biosorbents after biosorbent can be used for (1) recovery of metals using various ellutents like acid / alkali / buffer solution etc List is given in Article Ahalya et al 2003 Res.J.Chem.Environ. 7(4) 1-9. 

(2) Exhaust biosorbent after several cycle should be used for example preparation of brick etc to trap toxic heavy metals and prevent their leaching again to the environment.

For large scale application of biosorption process for waste water or ground water treatment, it can applied as combined or hybrid process, e.g. combination with membrane filtration for complete treatment.  

There are number of publications ,review and books where removal of toxic substances have been discussed.One of my review" Cellulosic substrates for removal of pollutants from aqueous systems: A review. Metals.Martin A. Hubbe, Syed Hadi Hasan, Joel J. Ducoste, Bioresources (2011)" has given every information related to biosorption.

Research on biosorbents is still in preliminary phase and there is very little information on its application at full scale systems. They worked similar to adsorbents for removal of metal. The only added advantage is cost effectiveness because many abrobased materials can be used as biosorbents. But for removal of organic components of waste water such as phenol, color or benzene these materials can be effectively used as carrier of microbes and provide ideal environment for adsorption assisted bioremediation and this process has potential for application at full scale or ccommercial scale.