Dear Lorenza Ferro

Pls. find the attached files, Help you to prevent contamination

http://www.ccap.ac.uk/documents/Antibiotic_treatment.pdf

http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/elnabris/files/2011/02/7_Algae_2_-Culturing.pdf

Robert A. Andersen, 2005. Algal Culturing Techniques

http://www.level.com.tw/html/ezcatfiles/vipweb20/img/img/20297/contamination-COR.pdf

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00043107

https://ncma.bigelow.org/culture-clean-up

http://ina.tmsoc.org/CODENET/culturenotes.htm

http://plymsea.ac.uk/1501/1/On_the_use_of_antibiotics_for_isolating_bacteria-free_cultures_of_marine_phytoplankton_organisms.pdf

http://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOBIOTJ/TOBIOTJ-4-36.pdf

http://aem.asm.org/content/10/3/223.full.pdf

http://chemistry.unt.edu/~verbeck/Verbeck%20Lab%20Protocol%20for%20Disinfection%20of%20Cell%20Culture%20052212%20GV.pdf

http://www.abcam.com/ps/pdf/protocols/cell_culture_contamination.pdf

http://iom-online.org/sites/all/temp_files/contamination.pdf

http://www.level.com.tw/html/ezcatfiles/vipweb20/img/img/20297/contamination-COR.pdf

http://www.americanlaboratory.com/Lab-Tips/177647-Preventing-Contamination-in-Cell-Culture/

http://www1.mans.edu.eg/FacMed/english/dept/microbiology/pdf/RDVICC/3.pdf

Sergey Fedoroff, Arleen Richardson. 2013. Protocols for Neural Cell Culture Springer Science & Business Media,Pp 278. ISBN1475725868, 9781475725865

http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?booknrarnr=560_66

http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-2075-0_3

http://store.elsevier.com/Contamination-in-Tissue-Culture/isbn-9780323156981/

http://www.americanlaboratory.com/Lab-Tips/177647-Preventing-Contamination-in-Cell-Culture/

Teixeira da Silva JA, Cardoso JC, Dobránszki J, Zeng S (2015a) Dendrobium micropropagation: a review. Plant Cell Rep 34:671–704. doi: 10.1007/s00299-015-1754-4

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-015-1754-4

Niedz RP, Bausher MG (2002) Control of In vitro contamination of explants from greenhouse- and field-grown trees. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 38:468–471. doi: 10.1079/IVP2002316

http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/IVP2002316  

Regards

Prof. Houda Kawas

I already tested serial streaking from single colonies, I tried to add on BG11 plates ampicillin (125 mg/L) or a mix of kanamycin+spectromicin+chloramphenicol (25 mg/L each) but bacteria are still there, even if not growing strongly (just a shade along algal colonies). My algae are fine with these bacteria but I want to have a completely axenic control to compare its growth with this not-axenic culture. And I know this bacterium is from Rhizobium specie.

Multiple antibiotic resistance in Rhizobium japonicum.

M A Cole and G H Elkan

Abstract

A total of 48 strains of the soil bacterium Rhizobium japonicum were screened for their response to several widely used antibiotics. Over 60% of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, polymyxin B, and erythromycin, and 47% or more of the strains were resistant to neomycin and penicillin G, when tested by disk assay procedures. The most common grouping of resistances in strains was simultaneous resistance to tetracycline, penicillin G, neomycin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin (25% of all strains tested). The occurrence of multiple drug resistance in a soil bacterium that is not a vertebrate pathogen suggests that chemotherapeutic use of antibiotics is not required for the development of multiple drug resistance.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC243316/

Antibiotic sensitivity in Rhizobium and Agrobacterium

H. Khanaka 1, M. Catteau, R. Tailliez

Summary

The resistance of 81 Rhizobium strains and 11 Agrobacterium strains to 16 antibiotics was investigated. Most strains were resistant even to high concentrations of lincomycin.

All the strains of the species Rhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium phaseoli, Rhizobium japonicum and the genus Agrobacterium reacted relatively homogeneously to all the antibiotics, unlike Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizobium leguminosarum and Rhizobium spp.

The majority of the fast-growing species of Rhizobium tested was found to be resistant to > 32 μg/ml penicillin and to < 1 μg/ml tetracyclin. On the other hand, most of the slow-growing species of Rhizobium were susceptible to penicillin concentrations < 16 μg/ml while they were resistant to tetracyclin concentrations > 1 μg/ml.

The majority of the Agrobacterium strains tested were resistant to streptomycin concentrations > 32 μg/ml, allowing them to be distinguished from strains of R. meliloti which were rarely resistant to such high concentrations.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0721957181800105