Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an excellent source of organosulfur compounds. These moieties are being assessed for their possible efficacy in preventing or managing disorders/diseases. A well-known garlic sulfur compound is allyl disulfide When one chops or crushes garlic an enzyme called alliinase is released from garlic, which mediates the formation of the compound, allicin. This compound is not stable, and rapidly breaks down to generate several types of organosulfur compounds; certain organosulfur compounds have been reported to possess in vitro antioxidative properties. These compounds may facilitate the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), a principal intracellular antioxidant. Garlic supplementation in patients has been reported to diminish a biomarker of lipid oxidation in a small, limited uncontrolled study. Whether the above organosulfur constituents have in vivo antioxidant effects relevant to clinical situations remains to be elucidated. The outcome of randomized clinical trials indicates that garlic supplementation impairs platelet aggregation. However, it has not been established that this supplementation has a prophylactic effect in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Here you have another interesting work on its capacity to block bacterial communications (Quorum sensing). From my point of view a very interesting approach to fight bacterial infection:
Bjarnsholt, T. Garlic blocks quorum sensing and promotes rapid clearing of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Microbiology (2005), 151, 3873-3880.