What could be the reason for this situation in the AFM image? Is what is marked a DEFECT? and why. This is an image (AFM) for ZnO prepared by Sputtering method with -200 V as bias voltage and after annealing at 450 °C.
It could be. In order to check whether it actually is that or a tip artifact. Have you recorded amplitude error or phase channels? If there are spikes in the place of the potential defect, it's a tip issue, if not, it's most likely a defect.