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Questions related from Chian Fan
Complex numbers are involved almost everywhere in modern physics, but the understanding of imaginary numbers has been controversial. In fact there is a process of acceptance of imaginary numbers...
01 January 1970 6,256 15 View
How does light know its speed and maintain that speed? The energy of light is E=hf, and the momentum is P=h/λ. The energy of light excites the momentum of light; the momentum of light carries the...
01 January 1970 1,011 24 View
Mach said [1], the principle of minimum xxxx, are they the natural purpose? Born said in his "Physics in My Generation"[2], that while it is understandable that a particle chooses the straightest...
01 January 1970 1,761 19 View
A body at rest has rest Energy, so it should also have rest Momentum. Lao Tzu said, “Gravity is the root of lightness; stillness, the ruler of movement”(重为轻根，静为躁君)*. The meaning of this statement...
01 January 1970 8,829 18 View
God said, "Let there be light." So, did God need to use many means when He created light? Physically we have to ask, "Should all processes of light generation obey the same equation?" "Is this...
01 January 1970 4,313 21 View
Does energy have an origin or root? When Plato talks about beauty in the "Hippias Major", he asks: "A beautiful young girl is beautiful", "A sturdy mare is beautiful", "A fine harp...
01 January 1970 3,102 84 View
The energy operator ih∂/∂t and the momentum operator ihΔ or ih∂/∂x play a crucial role in the derivation of the Schrödinger equation, the Klein-Gordon equation, the Dirac equation, and other...
01 January 1970 8,913 25 View
Are annihilation and pair production mutually inverse processes? p+p− → γ γ' “Annihilation can happen when all the quantum numbers of two colliding particles add up to zero. It might be...
01 January 1970 1,609 21 View
Fermions have four properties: charge, spin moment, mass and gravitational field. 1) Why don't we consider the spin moment as an effect of "magnetic charge", so that we don't need to look for...
01 January 1970 8,511 9 View
According to special relativity [1], the mass of a moving object is generally considered to be a relative value that increases with velocity [2]. m=γm0, γ is the relativistic factor and m0 is...
01 January 1970 3,112 58 View
It is commonly believed that the concept of electron spin was first introduced by A.H. Compton (1920) when he studied magnetism. "May I then conclude that the electron itself, spinning like a tiny...
01 January 1970 653 81 View
When God built the world, he needed an absolute ruler to measure space, an absolute clock to measure time. This is light. Then the light was kneaded together in space-time and became matter....
01 January 1970 5,078 11 View
Two electrons, A at rest and B moving at high speed. According to the theory of relativity, there is a "Length Contraction and Time Dilation" effect in the space-time of the electron moving at...
01 January 1970 7,714 8 View
If the transition is instantaneous, the moment the photon appears must be superluminal. In quantum mechanics, Bohr's semi-classical model, Heisenberg's matrix mechanics, and Schödinger's wave...
01 January 1970 480 38 View
01 January 1970 9,697 18 View
01 January 1970 6,335 18 View
Should this set of Constants Originate in the Equations that Dominate the Existence and Evolution of Nature? There are over 300 physical constants in physics [1][2], c, h, G, e, α, me, mp, θ, μ0,...
01 January 1970 9,953 100 View
01 January 1970 5,246 81 View
There are many kinds of certainty in the world, but there is only one kind of uncertainty. I: We can think of all mathematical arguments as "causal" arguments, where everything behaves...
01 January 1970 1,978 26 View
According to the principle that force is an exchange of "virtual particles", the "graviton" appears only when an object enters the gravitational field, how does it appear? Where is the "graviton"...
01 January 1970 8,479 9 View
Noether's theorem is a fundamental result in physics stating that every symmetry of the dynamics implies a conservation law. It is, however, deficient in several respects: for one, it is not...
01 January 1970 4,663 12 View
01 January 1970 9,909 19 View
Do we need to find a motivation for symmetry: {?} → {invariance} → {conservation} → {symmetry} → Should there be an ultimate symmetry that is identical to the conservation, structure invariance,...
01 January 1970 2,505 26 View
01 January 1970 1,243 58 View
Paradox 1 - The Laws of Physics Invalidate Themselves, When They Enter the Singularity Controlled by Themselves. Paradox 2 - The Collapse of Matter Caused by the Law of Gravity Will Eventually...
01 January 1970 1,291 15 View
01 January 1970 8,799 25 View
01 January 1970 4,210 99 View
From the earliest Pythagorean (~570BCE-~490BCE) view that "everything is number" [1], to the founder of modern physics, Galileo (1564-1642), who said "the book of nature is written in the language...
01 January 1970 5,796 7 View
Zero stands for emptiness, for nothing, and yet it is considered to be one of the greatest achievements of humankind. It took a long stretch of human history for it to be recognized and...
01 January 1970 5,205 9 View
01 January 1970 6,048 38 View
01 January 1970 2,979 11 View
01 January 1970 1,468 24 View
01 January 1970 2,250 21 View
01 January 1970 7,072 16 View
If magnetic monopoles do not annihilate*, do magnetic monopoles still exist? If magnetic monopoles do not exist, how should magnetism be described? Is it a bipolar magnetic charge? If it is a...
01 January 1970 2,566 4 View
What are the criteria for determining whether an elementary particle is elementary? "What is an elementary particle?" This seemingly simple question has no clear answer; this seemingly...
01 January 1970 9,877 6 View
The second law of thermodynamics - No process is possible, the sole result of which is that heat is transferred from a body to a hotter one (Clausius)[1]. Black-hole physics mirrors thermodynamics...
01 January 1970 4,374 0 View
If it is true that space-time is expanding, how does the measure of space-time change? The shape of space-time is the shape of the universe; how can expansion without a boundary be called...
01 January 1970 394 24 View
First of all, we must concede the "variability" of space-time, and it's a physical reality. First, this is the common ground of both the Special and General Theory of Relativity; the main body of...
01 January 1970 5,747 19 View
01 January 1970 7,810 9 View
We assume that any N-dimensional space can have an (N-1)-dimensional "boundary". However, if the boundary is limited to points, lines, and surfaces, and not to bodies, then three-dimensional space...
01 January 1970 6,663 8 View
01 January 1970 1,530 21 View
01 January 1970 1,558 100 View
How did Photons Construct Light? Our entire description of photons is based on energy Eo=hν [1], momentum Po=h/λ [2], and Helicity and Massless. we are not sure of the wave function Ψo(t,x) of...
01 January 1970 300 48 View
Can Physical Constants Which Are Obtained with Combinations of Fundamental Physical Constants Have a More Fundamental Nature? Planck Scales (Planck's 'units of measurement') are different...
01 January 1970 2,480 22 View
Is the Fine-Structure Constant the Most Fundamental Physical Constant? The fine-structure constant is obtained when the classical Bohr atomic model is relativisticized [1][2]. α=e2/ℏc, a number...
01 January 1970 1,661 16 View
“According to general theory of relativity, gravitation is not a force but a property of spacetime geometry. A test particle and light move in response to the geometry of the spacetime.”[1]...
01 January 1970 6,035 21 View
General Relativity field equations [1]: Gµν = G*Tµν...... (EQ.1). It is a relation between the matter field (energy-momentum field) Tµν and the spacetime field Gµν, where the gravitational...
01 January 1970 362 21 View
The external spacetime field produced by an object of mass M, the Schwarzschild spacetime metric solution, is usually obtained as follows [1]: 1) Assumes a spherically symmetric spacetime metric,...
01 January 1970 8,645 11 View
01 January 1970 944 8 View
What is the Relationship Between Vacuum and Space? The historical evolution of the concept of "vacuum" [1] can be roughly described as the following. 0) Buddhist Vacuum: the void formlessness,...
01 January 1970 5,281 23 View
The concept of quantization in physics begins with the expression E=hν, P=h/λ obtained from the blackbody radiation law, where h is the minimum amount of action [1]. Since there is a mass-energy...
01 January 1970 3,467 19 View
Is Uniqueness Their Common and Only Correct Answer? I. We often say that xx has no physical meaning or has physical meaning. So what is "physical meaning" and what is the meaning of "physical...
01 January 1970 3,744 8 View
Einstein field equations [1]: Rµν - (1/2)gµνR + Λgµν = Tµν ...... (EQ.1) where Λ is the cosmological constant, gµν is the spacetime metric, and Rµν is the Ricci tensor. EQ.1 expresses the...
01 January 1970 8,502 14 View
In his article "More is different", Anderson said that new laws of physics "emerge" at each physical level and new properties appear [1]; Wheeler, when claiming that "law without law" and "order...
01 January 1970 3,115 10 View
If gravity is caused by spacetime, then negative gravity should also be caused by spacetime. If general relativity is correct, then it should be able to describe all spacetime types and describe...
01 January 1970 3,843 17 View
Free spacetime contains no energy-momentum*, so when objects m are travelling at constant velocity in it, they do not exchange energy-momentum. Non-free spacetime contains energy-momentum. The...
01 January 1970 1,057 25 View
In the Standard Model, if we ignore the unverifiable property of colour charge and consider neutrinos as ‘dark matter particles’ for the time being [1], then we can consider fermions to have the...
01 January 1970 5,711 24 View
No matter what the nature of spacetime is, continuous or discrete, peaceful or fluctuating, we can assume that there does not need to be another "spacetime" behind spacetime. According to the...
01 January 1970 9,202 6 View
Gravitational waves are ripples of spacetime propagating at the speed of light [1]. A gravitational wave can be described as a small perturbation hμν on a flat spacetime metric ημν [2]:...
01 January 1970 2,574 13 View
The concept of mass explained by the Higgs mechanism is able to include all concepts of mass, inertial mass, gravitational mass, mechanical mass, electromagnetic mass [1], kinematic mass, static...
01 January 1970 3,729 38 View
1) Charge and Electron Transitions - Discovery of blackbody radiation (Planck) in 1900, discovery of the photoelectric effect (Einstein) in 1905, and Bohr's publication of the atomic orbital model...
01 January 1970 6,352 0 View
The possible combinations of "limits" and "boundaries" in nature are [1]: 1) "limited and bounded'; 2) “limited and unbounded”; 3) "unlimited and bounded”; 4) “unlimited and unbounded”. Here the...
01 January 1970 8,175 6 View
Can we put dark matter particles into a symmetry group with positive and negative matter particles? When physicists talk about matter and antimatter asymmetries, they always start with the...
01 January 1970 278 7 View
‘How big is the proton?"[1] We can similarly ask, “How big is the electron?” “How big is the photon?” CODATA gives the answer [2], proton rms charge radius rp=8.41 x10-16m; classical electron...
01 January 1970 6,761 10 View
Everyone, physicist or not, seems to know what forces are, at least for mechanical, gravitational, and electromagnetic forces. And, even physicists take this sense of forces deeper into physics to...
01 January 1970 3,661 24 View
According to the mass-energy equation [1], E = mc2, the rest energy of an electron is contained in its mass. When the positive and negative electrons annihilate [2], e+ e- = γγ, their rest energy...
01 January 1970 3,655 35 View
In electromagnetism the Coulomb force F=q1q2/r^2, the Lorentz force F=q(E+νxB), are computed treating spacetime as flat, and we are measuring what is actually a macroscopic phenomenon, not at the...
01 January 1970 2,029 4 View
Should there be a cosmological constant Λ term in the GR field equations? Is the Λ term symmetric with Gμν? "According to Einstein's theory of General Relativity, gravity should lead to a slowing...
01 January 1970 620 15 View
According to the standard model, the proton consists of three quarks (uud). The three quarks are bound together by the strong force. u quarks have a 2/3 charge and d quarks have a -1/3 charge, so...
01 January 1970 6,600 5 View
Physics states that ‘symmetry dictates interaction’ [1][2]; Invariance, symmetry, and conservation are usually approximately the same concepts [3], and the objects of conservation are usually...
01 January 1970 2,668 3 View
Physics believes that macroscopic matter consists of microscopic matter; the macroscopic physical world described by classical mechanics is causal, and the microscopic world described by quantum...
01 January 1970 6,358 6 View
