This question reflects the disastrous distortion of medical theory and practice that presently prevails due to the powerful influence of corrupt corporations that dominate all aspects of health care.
There is only one reason that justifies the Whipple procedure, and that is cancer of the pancreas. How can it be that mutilating surgery, harmful radiation, and toxic chemicals can hope to cure cancer when all of these so-called “treatments” are known to cause cancer???? These stressful “treatments” exacerbate the hyperactivity of the mammalian stress mechanism that causes cancer to begin with. Cancer is self-sustaining tissue repair hyperactivity that occasionally subsides and resolves spontaneously, in which case doctors proclaim “victory” on behalf of their “heroic” efforts, but most often the “treatments” only grease the skids to armageddon, and doctors bury their mistakes.
Cancer exaggerates the shedding of tissue factor from extravascular tissues into circulating blood, where it stabilizes and activates coagulation factor VII, which “triggers” the enzymatic interaction of factors VII, VIII, IX, and X that generates thrombin, soluble fibrin, and insoluble fibrin. The thrombin energizes systemic inflammation, and the insoluble fibrin exaggerates blood coagulability. This explains why all forms of cancer cause “Trousseau’s Syndrome” (hypercoagulability of blood. This, in turn, explains why most cancer victims die of myocardial infarction, stroke, and pulmonary embolus and spontaneous bleeding is rare. Cancer often culminates in severe stress mechanism hyperactivity that manifests as “critical illnesses” including ARDS, MOFS, ARF, DIC, and so forth.
Stress theory indicates that the most promising approach to curing cancer would be a combination of treatments that control and reduce stress mechanism hyperactivity to the point that the “vicious cycle” of malignant tissue disruption, nociception, and tissue factor release is disrupted. In theory this would allow spontaneous apoptosis and resolution of the tissue repair process. This would theoretically require sustained combinations of general anesthesia and opioid analgesia to control harmful nervous hyperactivity, plus magnesium sulphate and hypercarbia to control harmful thrombin activity. A better alternative to magnesium sulphate would be a safe antidote to tissue factor that could prevent factor VII activation in flowing blood, but no such treatment is presently available for clinical use.
Insofar as anticoagulants are concerned, the best choice would be warfarin and its congeners that disrupt the interaction of factor VII with tissue factor and factor X, because this inhibits the malignant process. Heparin and its congeners can palliate hypercoagulability, but they have no direct effect on the malignant process.
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