Wadim Strielkowski But, some of the recovered people can still carry the SARS-Cov-2 virus for a long while. These people can potentially transmit the virus to un-infected people. So, we need to be very careful in announcing a COVID-19 recovered person VIRUS-FREE. Or, maybe they should wear a mask, and for how long? This needs to be investigated.

Dear Wadim

Find quite complex source of current findings with title:

After recovering, COVID-19 patients struggle to know when to stop isolating

https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/1/21201045/coronavirus-covid-19-recovery-isolation-contagious-cdc-data

Best regards

Tomasz

We have to find out if the coronovirus mutates first i.e. are there 2 strains (one mild and one stronger?). Do people who have been exposed to a particular coronovirus strain switch to being 'spreaders' if it mutates?

Will immunocompromised and susceptable peoples remain potential 'incubators' for mutation? We don't really know anything at the moment and probably won't until we can detect resistances to a future vaccines. So ask again in 18 months?

Our biggest problems is 'false-negative' results using current testing systems that (in the UK) have proved to be the case.

All of the above is true. The best solution would be to wait until the approved vaccine is developed and distributed. However, this might take a while (about 1 year from now). In the meanwhile, the tourism industry would suffer an irreversible damage. Perhaps, the “immunity passports” might become a temporary (short-run) solution?

what about the possibility of immune people passing the disease through contact? i.e. immune person touches surface with viral particles, doesn't get sick, passes virus on to another surface that goes on to infect someone who is not immune? Is there a way this risk can be mitigated?

Please have a look at the following link:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_people_who_recover_from_Covid-19_become_reinfected

well, regarding to this question, i was curious, if this is true? then, why there are many people who are being infected twice? (many cases have been reported related to this specific issue).

To date, there is “no evidence” that people who have recovered from COVID-19 and have antibodies are protected from a second coronavirus infection.

https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/no-evidence-recovered-covid-19-patients-cannot-be-reinfected-who-1671116-2020-04-25

I agree with you Harasit Kumar Paul

Please have a look at the following link:

Article Positive SARS-Cov-2 test in a woman with COVID-19 at 22 days...

Vital questions about COVID-19 still remain unanswered after 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

These questions are:

1. How many COVID-19 patients are asymptomatic and what is their role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-19? This question is still unanswered because no country will test a whole population of a town irrespective of the symptoms, and unless this and the viral load in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients is done, question on transmission will only be speculative.

2. Do positive SARS-CoV-2 test in a recovered patient indicate reinfection, a carrier state, or nothing? This question can not be answered unless the patients who are tested positive are followed by doing viral load, their chance to infect the contacts, and for any recurrence of symptoms and worsening of the laboratory and imaging findings in the absence of another explanation.

3. What is the duration of immunity? This can not be answered unless the recovered patients are longitudinally studied by SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests for a period of 6-12 months or longer. Further, does the presence of antibodies after recovery from COVID-19 really translate in to protection from further infections vy SARS-Co"V-2.

4. If the answers to questions 2 and 3 are available, we may know whether a vaccine against COVID-19 be available?

The immunity passport will not give them security for many years and that might be another question. Chance of reinfection and short term immunity are not in favor of quick decision.

Wadim Strielkowski sir, with the uncertainty of persisting antibodies and the resultant long lasting immunity against Covid-19, it is unlikely that re-infection may not occur. I have recovered from Covid-19 recently and my antibody titre is dismally low! This is despite the fact that I had a high viral load during infection, having worked in a COVID ICU.

Hence, it is prudent not to be complacent after recovery as re-infections could be severe and disabling!

Acquired immunity against COVID-19 is short lived.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-1083-1

In fact, recovered COVID-19 patients are more likely to be protected from the new SARS-CoV-2 variants by COVID-19 vaccine.

1. Preprint Vaccine-induced immunity provides more robust heterotypic im...

Yes, modern ICT information technologies can be of great help in this matter. Some companies operating in the tourism and travel services sector, hotels, etc. may prefer people who have been vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus. On the one hand, it may be an element of an anti-pandemic strategy and the implementation of recommendations resulting from national institutions and public safety management systems. On the other hand, it can also be an element of improving the company's image by adding to the company's mission the issue of applying high safety standards, including caring for the health of customers. In a situation where the conducted market research shows that customers prefer companies that take into account high standards of anti-pandemic safety in their mission, then this issue may be included in the information message contained in advertising campaigns presenting the offer of tourist, transport, hotel, spa services, etc. a specific company. Due to the fact that in the current 2021 in most countries the first vaccination programs for the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus will continue for several weeks or months, so in the holiday season of 2021 there may be offers from companies from the tourism sector, etc. ., which will suggest preferring clients vaccinated against Coronavirus. But it is unlikely to become a kind of standard or norm. Hotels, spas, airlines and other transport companies representing a certain standard and quality of their services will continue to compete mainly with each other and then the issues of anti-pandemic safety may also become a factor of competition. However, this does not have to be the case for all travel companies, shipping services and other tourism-related services. To a large extent, this issue will be determined by the level of awareness of citizens using tourist services about the use of anti-pandemic security instruments. If customers of certain hotels, spas, airlines, restaurants, theaters, beauty establishments, etc. have a high level of awareness of the use of anti-pandemic safety instruments and apply the rules and recommendations in this regard, then certain tourism service companies will not have to apply the most rigorous solutions in the scope of the required anti-pandemic safety rules, including requirements to vaccinate against the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (Covid-19) so that you can take advantage of the travel or related services offered by a specific company.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

A recovered COVID-19 patient may be protected more than ONE Year and this duration can be further boosted by COVID-19 vaccination.

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/28/health/coronavirus-vaccines-immunity.html

Depending upon the COVID-19 vaccine used, the reinfection rate varies.

Of the 677,348 Thai medical personnel who received two doses of Chinese Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine, 618 got breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection.

For retails please have a look at this news link:

https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/hundreds-thai-medical-workers-infected-despite-sinovac-vaccinations-2021-07-11/

Have a look at this link of infection after 2 doses of vaccine

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_will_be_my_immunity_profile