I am not an organic chemist, but from the structure it looks like PVA has hydrogen bonds. The H-bonds help in more aggregation and may yield larger nano-particles. This is only a tentative answer. I think that you should also specify the type of the solvent which may also affect in such a case.
Thanks Karimi, to my knowledge,PVA may swelling and form physical hydrogel in water since there are many -OH on the chain, which may change the volumn of nanoparticles. Hope it helps.
How did you prepare them? Particle size very much depends on the solution and condition you are using. E.g. in precipitation polymerization it depends on the solubility in the solvent. So if monomers are better soluble you get smaller particles. Also lower monomer concentration often leads to smaller particles.