There are specific arthropod vectors for specific diseases. Leismania is carried by Sand fly, malaria by Anophelis mosquito, yellow fever-dengue by Aedes mosquito. Why other vectors can't transmit the different parasites or virus. Particularly Culex or Aedes can't transmit malaria. May it help to control the transmission If we can detect the factor of the respective vector transmitting a disease.
This is like in humans. Humans are not susceptible to all the pathogens. Different mosquitoes have different immune systems and a given pathogen is not able to evolve strategies to overcome every immune systems. For example, to be transmitted, Plasmodium (the pathogen responsible for malaria) need to sexually mate in the stomach of the mosquito, to form gametocytes on the stomach walls and cross it to be released under the sporozoit form in the hemolymph and then colonize the salivary glands. Each step is a barrier which in other mosquito species (and even in some anopheles sp) cannot be overcome due to host defenses. (This is a simplistic view)
The general answer say there is due to host specificity which in turn related to many factors including immunity, physiology....of host body.
Host-parasite relationship is unduly manifested by the adapting nature of both the organisms (i.e., Host as well as parasite), that reflects in general result of complex eco-physiological interrelationships between partners in host-parasite system. And, Specificity of parasites in a choice of hosts may depend on a belonging of the latter to certain taxa (phylogenetic specificity), or on biotic and abiotic factors (ecological specificity).
Aggregately, Host specificity greatly affect the parasite habitation within the host organism and hence implicate disease transmission via parasite transmission among its host.
I have another question. Why female anopheles at high lands transmit Plasmodium falciparum and this particular anopheles can not transmit P. vivax in high altitudes?
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