Many types of roses are there. RED, BLACK, WHITE etc. It means red rose have pigments that reflect red color and absorb other colors of light. But why this happens to the objects? What is going on the molecular level? I mean why that specific pigment absorb the other colors and reflects that RED one?? What is the physics behind this?
I would highly recommend Kurt Nassau’s book: The Physics and Chemistry of Color: The Fifteen Causes of Color. ISBN 0-471-39106-9. Wiley. This book examines the physical and chemical origins of color by discussions of fifteen different causes of color across a wide “spectrum” of topic areas including biology, gemology, meteorology, and the visual arts. He provides detailed physical and chemical descriptions of color along with a more general review of the subject. There is an extensive (although now slightly outdated) bibliography that you can explore topics of interest in more detail.
For example, highly conjugated substances get to absorb electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in the area of the visible spectrum. The beta-carotene (that gives carrots its color) absorb EMR in the blue region, reflecting the rest of the EMR, so that it shows an orange color.
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