There are some viral diseases give you live long immunity while other not
Hello Mohamed
An infection initially activates the non-specific innate immunity. However, prolonged infection can lead to activation of cell-mediated immunity. The T- and B- cells recognize distinct structures of the antigens derived from the virus. The T-cell will detect and kill the infected cells while the B cells will produce antibodies to neutralize the virus.
When the person is infected for the first time, the adaptive immunity is delayed. It takes a few days for the immune cells to recognize the pathogen. These cells are activated and expanded to control the infection. Some of the T- and B- cells which are called memory cells persist long after the infection is resolved. These memory cells play a vital role for long-term immunity. When the person is re-infected with the same virus, memory cells get activated to induce a robust specific response against the virus to give long lasting immunity.
For instance, flu vaccine must be taken every year because one’s immune protection from the vaccine declines over time and flu viruses keep constantly changing. So, flu vaccine has to be updated from one season to the next to protect against the virus.
On the other hand, smallpox virus has a low mutation rate and small pox vaccine provides life-long immunity. This long-lasting immunity is due to the high levels of antibodies that persist in the blood for years after vaccination.
Best Wishes.
Solid immunity produced when the formed antibodies against some viral infection or vaccines are stay for life (like solid immunity results from natural infection or vaccination against measles virus). At the same time the virus has no ability to mutate (no new strains are emerged).
What about parasitic diseases such as
Malaria
i, m infected more than 50 times but still there is no immunity to protect me from re infection, so its not a matter of mutation only. I think there are some unanswerable questions
Hello Mohamed Hussain
Please refer to the article below for more information on Malaria.
https://www.nature.com/articles/ni.f.205
Immunity to malaria: more questions than answers.
Immunity types by CDC:
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/immunity-types.htm
Flu viruses keep constantly changing. The flu vaccine has to be updated from one season to the next to protect against the virus. On the other hand, the smallpox virus has a low mutation rate and the smallpox vaccine provides life-long immunity. This long-lasting immunity is due to the high levels of antibodies that persist in the blood for years after vaccination.
Virus changes, and these means it is not the same for the vaccine. It is true some vaccines cover several forms of the virus and some vaccines may cover several diseases,but this does not mean you might not need immunity. Malaria is a special case. Covid is another case. I understand they are grouped into the same category. Maybe the vaccine is more effective and they change. I remember malaria was a special case for the dosis and the injections before immunity. Ebola could be added to this group. Maybe even say regional. European diseases compared to the rest.
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