Why rice grains in the inferior position on the panicle formed more chalk than those grains in the superior position?

23 June 2023 1 3K Report

I would like to know the scientific reasons behind this phenomena in rice grains.

The formation of chalkiness in rice grains can be influenced by various factors, including genetics, environmental conditions, and cultural practices. When comparing the inferior (lower) and superior (upper) positions of grains on the panicle, several reasons can explain why rice grains in the inferior position may exhibit more chalkiness:

Nutrient Availability: Grains in the inferior position may have less access to nutrients compared to those in the superior position. The nutrient supply within the plant may be limited, resulting in uneven distribution among grains. Insufficient nutrient availability can lead to inadequate starch deposition and incomplete grain filling, resulting in chalky regions.

Light Exposure: Superior grains are often exposed to more sunlight than inferior grains. Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis and energy production, which contribute to starch accumulation in grains. Insufficient light exposure in the lower position may affect the photosynthetic capacity and starch synthesis, resulting in increased chalkiness.

Temperature and Humidity: Variations in temperature and humidity within the rice canopy can impact grain development. Inferior grains may experience higher temperatures and increased humidity due to reduced air circulation, which can affect starch synthesis and grain quality. These conditions may promote the formation of chalkiness in inferior grains.

Pollination and Fertilization: Pollination and fertilization are critical for grain development. Grains in the inferior position may receive less pollen or encounter difficulties in successful fertilization due to reduced exposure to pollinators or limited access to pollen. Poor fertilization can lead to incomplete grain filling and increased chalkiness.

Time of Grain Development: Rice grains develop asynchronously within a panicle. The grains in the superior position tend to initiate development earlier than those in the inferior position. As a result, the superior grains have a longer grain-filling period, allowing for more complete starch accumulation and reduced chalkiness compared to the inferior grains, which have a shorter grain-filling period.

It's important to note that the extent of chalkiness can also be influenced by genetic factors and specific rice cultivars. Some rice varieties may inherently have a higher tendency for chalkiness, irrespective of grain position. Additionally, agronomic practices such as irrigation, fertilization, and pest management can also influence grain quality.

Understanding these factors can help farmers and researchers implement appropriate strategies to minimize chalkiness in rice grains and improve overall grain quality.

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