Dear professor khaled Edbey

I am from North Africa, I think it is due to lack of consumption of very high vitamin D food (for example: Mackerel, Salmon, trout......), because they are too expensive, so that people can not buy them. North Africa are of Muslim origin, so most women wear the veil, therefore Ultraviolet radiation does not penetrate inside the skin because of clothes.

Cordially

Dear Dr. Fairrouz Ouerdane

Thank you very much for your valuable answer.

Dear Dr. Fairrouz Ouerdane.

Do you think pollutants such as heavy metals have an effect on the vitamin D deficiency?

I think it is a global problem and for women is more than men

And also it is more in people with brown and black skin

Exposure to the ultraviolet-B component of sunlight is essential for vitamin D synthesis. This is the shortest wavelength of sunlight reaching the surface and is easily attenuated by the atmosphere. Host factors such as time spent outdoors, clothing styles, sunscreen use, and diet undoubtedly play a part, but the widespread epidemic of vitamin D deficiency suggests an environmental causal factor.

It can be assumed that air pollution reduces vitamin D synthesis by attenuating UVB. Studies of UVB mostly use models that cannot take local factors fully into account and use erythemic weighting based on Caucasian skin. There is a lack of understanding about how spectral composition of UVB affects different skin types, although there is a general trend for lower vitamin D status with darker skin. There is no information about how pollution affects spectral composition of UVB, or if it affects synthesis or metabolism of vitamin D.

In short, given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency even in very sunny countries, there is little understanding as to the cause and a need for much more research into the characteristics of UVB irradiance at surface level.

Thank you Dr. Khaled Muftah Elsherif,

YJ Foss for your valuable answers.

He said everything that needs saying. Dr @YJ Foss Thanks a lot for all these informations.

I think its related to the lack to efficient sun exposure mainly, then the effect of type of food consumption.

Thank you very much Dr. Antesar Boshhiha for the valuable answer.

Please have a look at these useful RG links and PDF attachment.

Article Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in Africa and the Mid...

Article Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in Africa and the Mid...

Article Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Health Consequences in Africa

Article Vitamin D in the Middle East and North Africa

Article Hypovitaminosis D in the Middle East and North Africa

Thank you Arvind Singh for your help.

- Malnutrition, especially lack of Calcium, fish .

- Skin pigmentation .

Thank you Khansaa Azeez Obayes Al-Husseini for your valuable answer.

Hypovitaminosis D in theNorth Africa - NCBI - NIH

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ›

Thank you Prof. Nirmala S.V.S.G for the interesting answer.

Dark skin: Melanin contributes to reducing the ability of the skin to produce vitamin D when exposed to ultraviolet light. Therefore, these people need to be exposed to more sunlight directly or to get vitamin D supplements, To get their vitamin D needs.

Thank you Afraa Ibrahim for the valuable answer.

Thank you Eman Khafaji for the valuable answer

Thank you Dr. Sajda for your interest

This articles revile on vitamin D deficiency in Africa.

Thank you all for your contributions

Thank you Nour Shakir for your contribution.

Thank you Eman R. Adeeb for your contribution.

Thank you all for your contribution.

Because of their dark color skin

Thank you Lamia al-nakib for your contribution

Following

Following

Thank you Shurooq Alshaibani for your concern.

Due to the dark skin that hinders the absorption of the vitamin from the sun's rays

Thank you Eman Khafaji for your concern.

Thank you all for your contributions.

Following

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is expected to vary widely, in line with the effects on skin exposure to ultraviolet light. In addition, low calcium intake and the heavy burden of infectious diseases common in many countries may lead to increased use of vitamin D and its turnover

Dark skin is resistant of sun rays.

Thank you Mala Babagana Gutti for the valuable answer.

Following

Lack of access to this vitamin given by the sun and the cause of dark skin

Thank you Maha Sami for your contribution

Need to expose the underneath of your hand to the sun. Only do that when you actually work outside.

Efficiency in vitamin D is also found in North America. I was told I was extremely deficient and was advised to take 4 pills a day.

Thank you Michael Issigonis for your valuable answer.

I think This can partly be explained by skin pigmentation. Populations in warmer climates tend to have greater skin pigmentation which can affect their ability to synthesis vitamin D.

Please have a look on below link

http://www.jarcp.com/703-the-global-epidemiology-of-vitamin-d-status.html

Is it really related to exposure to the sun?

Thank you Djaafar Zemali for your valuable answer.

Thank you Praveen N M for your valuable answer

Thank you khaled Muftah Elsherifhfor your valuable answer.

Deficiency in a vitamin D is also found in middle east and America. In my opinion this problem is spreading round a world especially in woman not men due to lack of sunlight and unhealthy eating vitamin D.

May be due to malabsorption.

Thank you Fares F. Fares for your contribution.

Thank you Thualfeqar Razzaq Tweij for your contribution.

علاقة ارتباطية بالون الداكن لتصبغ الجلد فضلا عن اشعة الشمس

Africa is associated with a high prevalence of economic disadvantage and high burden of disease. This is still mostly infectious disease but increasingly also non-communicable disease. The various factors that may be especially important to consider in the context of Africa and that may affect the interpretation of vitamin D status and deficiency are outlined later.

Due to lack of sunlight.