During the day, the land surface heats up faster than the water surface. Therefore, the air above the land is warmer than the air above the ocean. Now, recall that warmer air is lighter than cooler air. The amount of solar radiation that reaches any one spot on the Earth's surface varies according to: Geographic location, time of day and season.

The land is significantly warmer in the daytime when compared to the ocean because it has a lower heat capacity than water. This means that it can heat up faster and reach higher temperatures as compared to water, which takes longer to heat up and cool down due to its higher heat capacity. Additionally, the specific heat of water is higher than that of land, which means that it can absorb more heat energy without showing a significant increase in temperature.

The amount of solar energy per unit of Earth's surface area is dependent on several factors, including latitude, season, and the angle of incidence of the incoming solar radiation. At the equator, the solar radiation is more intense than at the poles, where it is spread out over a larger area and is less intense. During the summer months, the incoming solar radiation is more intense than in the winter months. The angle of incidence of the solar radiation also affects the amount of energy received per unit of surface area. When the sun is directly overhead, the incoming radiation is more intense than when it is at an oblique angle.

Dr Arnob alam Ani thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Land surfaces absorb much more solar radiation than water. Water reflects most solar radiation that reaches its surface back to the atmosphere. Since land absorbs more solar radiation the land surface retains more heat as do the vegetation for energy. Thus, land surfaces warm more quickly than water. Recall that the land surface cools quicker than the water surface at night. Therefore, the warmer air over the ocean is buoyant and is rising. The denser cool air over the land is flowing offshore to replenish the buoyant warm air and is a land breeze. The specific heat capacity of land is less than that of the sea. Hence, it heats up faster as compared to water. We were just talking about temperature differences over land and oceans. To be specific, it can get much hotter and much cooler over the land. The bigger change in temperature is because of how much heat is absorbed by the land. The Sun's rays also penetrate the oceans to a depth of many meters, but only heat up the top layer of the sand or soil. Water has to lose more energy than the sand in order for the temperature to decrease. During the summer the land is much warmer than the water. During day, land gets heated faster than water as the heat capacity of land is lower than the heat capacity of water. Air above the land gets warmer and rises up. The amount of solar energy per unit of Earth's surface area depends on latitude. Earth's curved surface causes latitudes closer to the equator to receive. Latitude, climate, and weather patterns are major factors that affect insulation the amount of solar radiation received on a given surface area during a specific amount of time. Locations in lower latitudes and in arid climates generally receive higher amounts of insulation than other locations.

Dr Rana Hamza Shakil thank you for your contribution to the discussion