1. Salts act as preservative as it check the growth of decomposer/ harmful bacterial growth and also assist lactic acid bacteria.
2. As per my understanding salt act as osmoregulant in bacteria and thereby check bacterial growth.
3. The oil layer in pickle prevent the entry of oxygen, as it is required by all aerobic microorganisms. Here, oil layer having complementary effect on arrest the growth spoilage causing micro-organisms apart from increasing taste.