Developing countries are assessing environmental impacts by using environmental impact assessment tools but SEA practice is lacking. What are the root cause for non applying SEA strategically?.
Please check the link given below.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222670993_Strategic_environmental_assessment_can_help_solve_environmental_impact_assessment_failures_in_developing_countries
Article Strategic environmental assessment can help solve environmen...
Well, I think your question can be addressed by understanding the differences in nature between EIA and SEA. Here is an article about the comparison between EIA and SEA, hope it is of useful to you.
Dear Ramesh,
The failure in knowledge transfer from on place to another, particularly from developed countries to developing countries find several difficulties. Among the most relevant are: cultural differences and different social values, weak institutions (and developing intuitions always take long time), economic inequality (it is difficult to impose environmental standards to communities that are just struggling for subsistence). For sure there are many other related challenges, and some are more relevant in given contexts than in others.
Simply stated, the root causes are negligence, ignorance, lack of skilled personnel sometimes, weak institutions and inability to see the long-term effects of implementing such a fine process.
Dear Desmond,
Off course, your right lake of skilled professionals and ineffective implementation may be the root cause.
The issues are not limited to developing/low to mid-income countries, but widespread in OECD countries. For a case around alternatives lacking in both EIA and SEA see attached.
An article on SEA practice in Namibia has been accepted. I will be happy to send you the latest draft. Let me know
Conference Paper How often and why are alternatives absent in environmental i...
In the EU the first EIA Regulations are from 1985, and SEA regulations from 2001. Probably the use and consolidation of EIA processes help to understand their limitations, and the need of SEA.
Not sure this it is entirely correct to say 'developing countries'. All countries are struggling, but see e.g.:
Annandale, D.; Fischer, T. B.; Montaño, M.; Purcell, C.; Cole, J. & Aung, T. 2021. Guidelines for Strategic Environmental Assessment in Developing Countries – Examples from Asia, in: Fischer, T. B. & González, A. (eds.). Handbook on Strategic Environmental Assessment, Edward Elgar (chapter 9).
Ramesh P. Bhatt The Strategic Environmental Assessment is not binding in Chile, this was one of the weaknesses that were identified by:
Rodríguez-Luna, D.; Vela, N.; Alcalá, F.J.; Encina-Montoya, F. The environmental impact assessment in Chile: Overview, improvements, and comparisons. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 2021, 86, 106502.
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