which substances could be removed/ adsorbed by activated carbon when it's combined to ultrafiltration for brackishwater pretreatment
The removal of elements and ions is usually not activated carbon's forte. Maybe some elementary iodine would be captured. Carbon is good for the removal of molecular, rather hydrophobic compounds, such as solvent traces, though there are any number of specialties out there, like for arsenic acid.
If it is really elements (I assume ions) you want to filter out, then an ion exchanger or a system of several successive ion exchangers would be your method of choice.
Activated carbon can remove organic compound from solution. Lt depend on the adsorption conditions
Dear Mohamed,
What do you mean by the ward "elements"?
Element definition:
Each of more than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter. Each element is distinguished by its atomic number, i.e., the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms.
Rafik
Dear Professor Rafik Karaman
Dear Claudia Arnold
what I really meant to describe by elements was ""the substances that may be exist in an underground brackishwater "" which could be adsorbed by activated carbon. I'll correct it at the above question .
Well, and these are? Have you some analytical data on the impurities in your water?
Please give more information, if the conductivity is high it implied that you have ionic compound in you water.
Dear Mohamed,
The followings can be removed by activated carbon:
Mineral oil
BTEX
Poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PACs)
(Chloride) phenol
Adsorption of halogenated substance: I, Br, Cl, H en F
Odor
Taste
Yeasts
Various fermentation products
Non-polar substances (Substances which are non soluble in water)
Specific examples which their adsorption onto active carbon was comprehensively studied and can be found in published articles:
Phenols
Arsenic
Chlorine
Mercury
Flouride
Oil
Organic solvents
1-Chemicals with very high probability of being adsorbed by active carbon:
2,4-D
Deisopropyltatrazine
Linuron
Alachlor
Desethylatrazine
Malathion
Aldrin
Demeton-O
MCPA
Anthracene
Di-n-butylphthalate
Mecoprop
Atrazine
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
Metazachlor
Azinphos-ethyl
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
2-Methyl benzenamine
Bentazone
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
Methyl naphthalene
Biphenil
2,4-Dichlorocresol
2-Methylbutane
2,2-Bipyridine
2,5-Dichlorophenol
Monuron
Bis(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate
3,6-Dichlorophenol
Napthalene
Bromacil
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy
Nitrobenzene
Bromodichloromethane
Dieldrin
m-Nitrophenol
p-Bromophenol
Diethylphthalate
o-Nitrophenol
Butylbenzene
2,4-Dinitrocresol
p-Nitrophenol
Calcium Hypochloryte
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Ozone
Carbofuran
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Parathion
Chlorine
Diuron
Pentachlorophenol
Chlorine dioxide
Endosulfan
Propazine
Chlorobenzene
Endrin
Simazine
4-Chloro-2-nitrotoluene
Ethylbenzene
Terbutryn
2-Chlorophenol
Hezachlorobenzene
Tetrachloroethylene
Chlorotoluene
Hezachlorobutadiene
Triclopyr
Chrysene
Hexane
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
m-Cresol
Isodrin
m-Xylene
Cyanazine
Isooctane
o-Xylene
Cyclohexane
Isoproturon
p-Xylene
DDT
Lindane
2,4-Xylenol
2.- Chemicals with high probability of being adsorbed by active carbon:
Aniline
Dibromo-3-chloropropane
1-Pentanol
Benzene
Dibromochloromethane
Phenol
Benzyl alcohol
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Phenylalanine
Benzoic acid
cis-1,2- Dichloroethylene
o-Phthalic acid
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
trans-1,2- Dichloroethylene
Styrene
Bromodichloromethane
1,2-Dichloropropane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Bromoform
Ethylene
Toluene
Carbon tetrachloride
Hydroquinone
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1-Chloropropane
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Trichloroethylene
Chlorotoluron
4-Methylbenzenamine
Vinyl acetate
3.- Chemicals with moderate probability of being adsorbed by active carbon*:
Acetic acid
Dimethoate
Methionine
Acrylamide
Ethyl acetate
Methyl-tert-butyl ether
Chloroethane
Ethyl ether
Methyl ethyl ketone
Chloroform
Freon 11
Pyridine
1,1-Dichloroethane
Freon 113
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Freon 12
Vinyl chloride
1,3-Dichloropropene
Glyphosate
Dikegulac
Imazypur
4.- Chemicals for which adsorption with active carbon is unlikely to be effective. However it may be viable in certain cases such as for low flow or concentrations:
Acetone
Methylene chloride
Acetonitrile
1-Propanol
Acrylonitrile
Propionitrile
Dimethylformaldehyde
Propylene
1,4-Dioxane
Tetrahydrofuran
Isopropyl alcohol
Urea
Methyl chloride
http://www.lenntech.com/library/adsorption/adsorption.htm
Hoping this will be helpful,
Rafik
Whether physicochemical data are enough depends on your water - as Rafik's anwer shows, the purification problem can be enormously complex. You need at least one thorough analysis, to decide what needs to be removed and how you can measure efficiency. Otherwise, you do not know really what you are doing.
Could remove both organics and inorganics (such as metal ions or anionic metallic complex like chromati, arsinite depending up on the surface charges of the activated carbon.
As I'm out of station, I'll send my Fluoride paper next week Professor. I don't know your mail id.
thanks dear Muthukumaran for your collaboration, you can send your paper at the following email: [email protected]
Organic chemicals are attracted to carbon the best. Very few inorganic chemicals will be removed by carbon. The molecular weight, polarity, solubility in water, temperature of the fluid stream and concentration in the stream are all factors that affect the capacity of the carbon for the material to be removed. VOCs such as Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, oils and some chlorinated compounds are common target chemicals removed through use of carbon. Other large uses for activated carbon are the removal of odors and color contamination.
VOCs such as Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, oils and some chlorinated compounds are common target chemicals removed through use of carbon.
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