I am looking for a panel of immune cell subtypes that in your opinion are fundamenatl to understand the possible immune imbalance in the intestine and mesenteric lymph node of DSS-induced colitis mice.
As someone who works with innate lymphocytes, my response may be a bit biased, but I'd recommend looking at numbers of inavariant Natural Killer T-cells (Type I iNKT cells): these can be identified flow cytometrically via CD1d tetramer (very reliable) or via PCR for the murine iNKT TCR = Valpha14-Jalpha18.
Tregs are also an interesting population worth looking at. "Natural" Tregs are CD25hi, CD4+ and express their signature transcription factor FoxP3. Induced Tregs do not express FoxP3, but have high expression of CD39.