Transgenic plants are produced by transformation and stable integration of foreign gene into the plant genome and successfully used to transform agronomically important genes to many crop plants . The tissue culture based transformation methods are time consuming and leads soma clonal variation that affect in plants. I guess In-plant transformation is better.

Thank you so much dear sir.

Sohail Ahmad Jan

• I attached an In Planta transformation paper (2016) here to share.
• For your question, it is not every plant species like Arabidopsis (I use it as an example), which can be used for efficient In planta transformation (floral dip). Some plant species might not work well with that same method. The size of plants and flowers might also hider the use of the method. Arabidopsis plants are small and easy to handle. They also have a plenty of flowers to dip at one experiment.
• Transgenic plants generated from tissue culture-based transformation might have more 'somaclonal variation' problem. Especially, when the explants are incubated in the medium for a prolong time.
• In my opinion, tissue culture-based transformation might also generate more chimeric plants. Because a transgenic plant can generate from a transformed somatic cell and a non-transformed cell.
• Paper: https://www.rombio.eu/vol21nr1/1.A4.pdf

Many thanks to all the friends and professors for all the helpful discussions.

In planta transformation, which means transformation of germinal cells is obviously a faster and more direct way to obtain transgenic plants. However, it has been developed in Arabidopsis, where it works pretty well, but this protocol works well only with a few other plants

Many thanks to all the friends and professors for all the helpful discussions and valuable answers.

Dear Sohail

In-planta transformation, if it works, would be the best in terms of saving time, labor, money etc.. There are some reports that indicated direct delivery of DNA into seeds, pollen (pollen-tube-pathway) and somatic embryos etc.. either using Agrobacterium mediated transformation or or via the use of nano particles. Yet, these methods are limited to a few plant species and you do not see being reported across different laboratories. Pollen magnetofection and the use of Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as carriers of DNA to deliver into plants, are recent developments in this area of research. Still there are a lot of limiting factors to use them across different plant spps.

A simple plant gene delivery system using mesopor silica nanoparticles as carriers.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2013/tb/c3tb20529k/unauth#!divAbstract

Pollen magnetofection for genetic modification with magnetic nanoparticles as gene carriers

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-017-0063-z

Thank you so much dear sir Bekele Abebie for useful answers and valuable discussion.

It depends on the plant species, or in some species also genotype could be a determining factor as well. So even Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the most common method in some plants in planta is the best technique

Thank you Rasmieh Hamid.

Dear Sohail Ahmad Jan To my opinion, in planta transformation method is best suited for transgenic plant development. In case of tissue culture-based transformation, there is every possibility of confounding effects due to tissue culture-induced variation!