I mean, how can I evaluate the reduction of the number of a particular cell population in a microcephalic brain (where it is supposed that cell density does not change)?
I think that the analysis that would be best suited to your question is stereology. This allows you to determine the volume of a structure (i.e. the cortex) using the 2D attributes of sections taken at uniform intervals throughout the extent of the structure. Volume, combined with density, enables you to estimate the total number of a particle within the sampled area.
There are a range of stereological resources available, and software to make the process of counting and calculating easier. However, you should be aware that this method is time and labour intensive, but I think it would give you the best estimate of total number. You can find a lot of information at this site: http://www.stereology.info/stereology/
Dear Ramona! Please reply. I appeal to you (a specialist in the field of microcephaly) with a question. Characterized whether to microcephalics signs of megalomania? My observations show that the embryonic form of these symptoms occur.
You can calculate the number of specific cells by area (example: 3 cells per 100um²). You can also normalize the number of cells per DAPI (example: you can create a column from pial surface to svz, and count the number of this specific cell and total number of cells labeled with DAPI. Then you can calculate a percentage: 15% of total cells are the cells of your interest).
Dear Vladimir, indeed I'm not an expert in microcephaly. I'm studying a model of cortical dysplasia which shows microcephaly. It should be correlated (and in fatct it is) with epilepsy. I don't have idea about the correlation between microcephly and megalomania. Sorry I can't help you.
Dear Ramona! Thank you for your answer. Please have a look some papers about calculating the number of specific cells in microcephaly, and normal brain.