Trans mitral early and late diastolic velocity ratios have been most extensively studied and used for assessing LV diastolic function. However, it has its limitations. Therefore other adjuncts have been used- E- deceleration time, isovolumic relaxation time, E/E', pulmonary vein S and D. The dimension-volume of the left atrium has been proposed as an index of diastolic function but also has its caveats.
All parameter can be used. Each parameter has got it's own merits and demerits. Which parameter should be used that also depends upon the underlying condition of heart. Mitral annular relaxation velocity or Ę' has got prognostic significance. E/E'en has shown to correlate with left ventricular filling pressure. The utility of standard Ę and A wave ratio have been questioned.Very short mitral DT suggest restrictive physiology and severe diastolic dysfunction. Grading of diastolic dysfunction can be done using tissue Doppler based velocities, pulmonary venous Doppler and left atrial size. Diastolic parameter should be adjusted with aging.. Following link might help you.. Thanks
All the answers above are correct, i only want to add that you have also to measure inferior vena cava because the endovascular volume affects the result of transmitral flow.
E/A ratio works as a good triage marker but you should use all those. Sometimes they are not available so at least 2 in 3 or 3 in 4 have to be positive do diagnose diastolic disfuction.
Good update: Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Especially examples in pictures.
Transmitral flow velocity profile (E/A, IVRT, DT), tissue Doppler for e' or E/e', LA volume or diameter or pulmonary vein flow velocity profile (s, d, s/d and Ar duration). Though a bit old, I found this article useful as well.
Conventional E/A ratio is the widely used parameter to determine diastolic function but it is a liite bit late predictor. Tissue doppler are as rapid and easy but can detect earlier diastolic dysfunction
depending on the echocardiography machine being used. The latest technology is actually emphasizing on the use of tissue Doppler which older machines may not have. The other conventional markers such as E/A ratio, deceleration time, isovolumic relaxation time combined with pulmonary venous and hepatic systolic : diastolic flow must be combined to determine the diastolic parameters using echocardiography.
Most commonly used is E/e. It is the easiest to perform. Though more time consuming LAVI is very useful and prognostically very valuable. Simple mitral inflow spectral display of a restrictive filling immediately suggests that L.A. pressures are high. Whenever possible several parameters should be combined.
The assessment of LV diastolic function by echocardiography should be performed by calculating peak E-wave velocity, peak A-wave velocity, MV E/A ratio, mitral E/e, LA maximum volume index (mL/BSA),and TR systolic jet velocity (m/sec) by 2D and Doppler methods. The advantages and limitations of these variables used to assess LV diastolic function should also be considered (please see Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, et al. Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016: 29(4):277-314).
The combination of isovolumic relaxation time, deceleration time and E/A ratio remains a veritable option to characterize diastolic dysfunction. Next in line is the tissue Doppler ratio of E/E'.