The development of oyster larvae involves a series of physiological and morphological changes that occur in response to various environmental factors. The process begins when the fertilized egg develops into a free-swimming, ciliated larvae called the trochophore. The trochophore larvae then undergo a series of developmental stages, including the D-larvae stage, which is the final stage before the larvae settle and become juvenile oysters.
Several factors are known to be important for the successful development of oyster larvae and their progression to the D-larvae stage. Some of the key factors include:
Temperature: Oyster larvae require specific temperature ranges for optimal growth and development. Typically, a temperature range of 20-25°C is considered ideal for oyster larvae development.
Salinity: Oyster larvae are sensitive to changes in salinity and require specific salinity levels for proper development. The optimal salinity range for oyster larvae is typically between 25 and 35 ppt (parts per thousand).
Food availability: Oyster larvae require sufficient food to support their growth and development. This includes phytoplankton and other small particles that can be filtered from the water.
pH and dissolved oxygen: Oyster larvae are sensitive to changes in pH and dissolved oxygen levels in the water, which can affect their growth and development.
Predation: Oyster larvae are vulnerable to predation by other marine organisms, which can reduce their survival and delay their progression to the D-larvae stage.
To successfully break through to the D-larvae stage, it is important to maintain optimal conditions for the oyster larvae, including appropriate temperature, salinity, food availability, and water quality. Additionally, the presence of biofilms, bacteria, and other microorganisms can play a crucial role in the settlement and metamorphosis of oyster larvae, which can help facilitate their transition to the juvenile stage.
Sachin gives a good answer to the complexities of transitioning from oyster larvae to spat. Of course species counts here as well so any measurements of parameters can vary with change in organism taxon. I'd also remind you that in natural settings, at least for Crassostrea virginica, there is evidence of vertical migration as larva age allowing the planktonic form to take advantage of directional water flows such that they "set" close to their spawned origins.
Thanks so much for your reply. One interesting period I found during the experiment was that the Crassostre angulata larvae were cultivated in artificial seawater, and not or only a few larvae could develop to the D-shaped larvae and stay in the trochophore larval stage. So I want to know if there are some key mechanisms to break through during its arrival to the type D-larva.