to my knowledge descriptive research have only dependent variable, as an example if i want to study the applications of total quality management at large manufacturing companies in west bank-occupied territories, then TQM is the only variable and it is the dependent variable?
You are right, but in this case we evaluate performance of each stakeholder, process and systems under the umbrella of TQM. But when we evaluate, we come across comparative efficacy for different parameters and we therefore encounter numerous dependent and independent variables.
Yes, TQM is the only variable. But, what is your research question? If you are exploring what affects TQM implementation, than TQM is the dependent variable. On the other hand, if you are studying the relationship between TQM and performance of those manufacturing firms, TQM is the independent variable.
TQM within the system there are multiple strategies to analyze and solve problems, which is administered. If your research is descriptive only thing you need is to measure the indicators in each area to analyze and describe.
thank you all, i found the same answer in an valuable text by Neil J. salkfind
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