Disciplinarities: intra, cross, multi, inter, trans

In Marilyn Stember’s 1990 paper Advancing the social sciences through the interdisciplinary enterprise she offers the following overview of different levels of disciplinary:

• Intradisciplinary: working within a single discipline.
• Crossdisciplinary: viewing one discipline from the perspective of another.
• Multidisciplinary: people from different disciplines working together, each drawing on their disciplinary knowledge.
• Interdisciplinary: integrating knowledge and methods from different disciplines, using a real synthesis of approaches.
• Transdisciplinary: creating a unity of intellectual frameworks beyond the disciplinary perspectives.

http://www.arj.no/2012/03/12/disciplinarities-2/

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/036233199190040B

I found these inyteresting links...

https://www.cbuonline.edu/articles/what-is-interdisciplinary-studies

http://study.com/articles/What_is_Multidisciplinary_Studies.html

Is the difference expressed in the level of interaction between disciplines to solve a problem?

Simple example for discussion:

Interdisciplinary: Specialists of three disciplines (A, B, C) interact to solve problem X in population X?

Multi-disciplinary: Specialists of three disciplines work on problem X, each specialist in a different population (A or B or C)?  

Hello,

Thanks for sharing. In my opinion, the example of Marcel answers the question.

Best regards!

Thank you for the invitation. From one point of view, interdisciplinarity is the condition, where, there is integration of knowledge and methods from different disciplines, using a real synthesis of approaches. While, multidisciplinarity is the condition where people from different disciplines working together, each drawing on their disciplinary knowledge. It seems, in general, that the 'interaction' is greater in interdisciplinarity than multidisciplinarity. For more, you may visit the attached link.

Regards

http://www.arj.no/2012/03/12/disciplinarities-2/

But there is also pluridisciplinary research differing from multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research?

ar Maria

The question that you asked me finds in my humble opinion the adequate answers in an article by Maurice Payette that I enclose in attached file.

Regards

Dear @Maria, I have remembered the nice question that you have had about multidisciplinarity in education.

I do also remember that we had some related threads about this issue.

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_difference_between_terms_of_multidisciplinary_transdisciplinary_and_cross_disciplinary_approaches

https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_bridge_the_gap_between_the_sciences_and_the_humanities_Is_it_better_possible_now_with_new_results_of_research_How_about_your_situation

Discipline should be a life for every individual whatever may be a CASTE,CREED  OR RELIGION.Discipline generates from our early our environment & our growth & subsequent with our learning process & with the part of our knowledge it may be helpful to work & to prove that knowledge is power due to the line of discipline we have establish & created within us.

Interdisciplinary is a related part of our knowledge for our special skill ,study ,& learning & Multidisciplinary it may be connection & accumulation of our knowledge of course which is a very healthy sign - no doubt but very often it takes turn to jack of all trades - master of none .

This is my personal opinion 

Selon Payette: L’interdisciplinarité est une modalité de l’organisation du travail qui vise l’interaction entre différentes disciplines. Cette interaction a pour but de produire l’intégration des connaissances, des expertises et des contributions propres à chaque discipline dans un processus de résolution de problèmes complexes

How to become a 'jack of all trades' when 'jack' represents more than one person/scientist/educator?

inter- sandwich of disciplines

multi- fruit salad

social psychology interdisciplinary (sociology and psychology)

social constructionist self identity discussion- feeds from philosophy psychology sociology linguistics and consumer behaviour - multidisciplinary

Disciplinarities: intra, cross, multi, inter, trans

In Marilyn Stember’s 1990 paper Advancing the social sciences through the interdisciplinary enterprise she offers the following overview of different levels of disciplinary:

• Intradisciplinary: working within a single discipline.
• Crossdisciplinary: viewing one discipline from the perspective of another.
• Multidisciplinary: people from different disciplines working together, each drawing on their disciplinary knowledge.
• Interdisciplinary: integrating knowledge and methods from different disciplines, using a real synthesis of approaches.
• Transdisciplinary: creating a unity of intellectual frameworks beyond the disciplinary perspectives.

http://www.arj.no/2012/03/12/disciplinarities-2/

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/036233199190040B

Wow! Thank you, dear Mahmoud.

Which is preferable? Or should we use all types of Disciplinarity? Or should we abolish all cultural borders?

Science has NO cultural borders! I refer you to  Helen Keller saying "Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much!"

Interdisciplinarity analyzes, synthesizes and harmonizes links between disciplines into a coordinated and coherent whole. Transdisciplinarity integrates the natural, social and health sciences in a humanities context, and transcends their traditional boundaries...

The three terms refer to the involvement of multiple disciplines to varying degrees on the same continuum. The common words for multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary are additive, interactive, and holistic, respectively. With their own specific meanings, these terms should not be used interchangeably. The more general term "multiple disciplinary" is suggested for when the nature of involvement of multiple disciplines is unknown or unspecified. While multiple disciplinary teamwork is appropriate for complex problems, it is not always necessary in every single project...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17330451

Thank you, dear Ljubomir!

Perfect, as usual!!! Quite useful. 

(In fact, it was one of your previous answers to my question on Multidisciplinarity in Education, that brought to my mind the idea of differenciating between multi- inter- and trans-disciplinarity...)

I only wish I could carry you in my pocket, because you are so handy, with perfect answers to everyone of my deepest doubts...

PS --- I just saved that abstract and it seams so interesting that I will soon request the full text, on my next visit to the Library... Thank you, again!

Now easy to follow.

Dear Maria

Please, see this article:

Clin Invest Med. 2006 Dec;29(6):351-64.

Multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity in health research, services, education and policy: 1. Definitions, objectives, and evidence of effectiveness.

Choi BC1, Pak AW.

regards 

Thank you very much, dear Jetty and Saeed, for your great contributes. 

Warm regards, 

M.

Dear Maria,

In addition to Ljubomir's answer (Choi BC, Pak AW. Part 1. Definitions, objectives, and evidence of effectiveness. Clin Invest Med. 2006 Dec;29(6):351-64):

Choi BC, Pak AW. Multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity, and transdisciplinarity in health research, services, education and policy: 2. Promotors, barriers, and strategies of enhancement. Clin Invest Med. 2007;30(6):E224-32. http://cimonline.ca/index.php/cim/article/viewFile/2950/1067

Choi BC, Pak AW. Multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity, and transdisciplinarity in health research, services, education and policy: 3. Discipline, inter-discipline distance, and selection of discipline. Clin Invest Med. 2008;31(1):E41-8. http://cimonline.ca/index.php/cim/article/viewFile/3140/1269

Best wishes from Munich,

Martin

Youngblood D. Multidisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity, and Bridging Disciplines: A Matter of Process. Journal of Research Practice. 2007;3(2):Article M18. http://jrp.icaap.org/index.php/jrp/article/download/104/145

Borrego M, Newswander LK. Definitions of Interdisciplinary Research: Toward Graduate-Level Interdisciplinary Learning Outcomes. The Review of Higher Education. 2010;34(1):61-84. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/25471/34.1.borrego.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 

Alvargonzález D. Multidisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity, Transdisciplinarity, and the Sciences. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science. 2011;25(4):387–403. http://dspace.sheol.uniovi.es/dspace/bitstream/10651/8548/5/David%20Alvargonzalez.pdf

Jessup RL. Interdisciplinary versus multidisciplinary care teams: do we understand the difference? Aust Health Rev. 2007;31(3):330-1. http://www.publish.csiro.au/ah/pdf/AH070330

Thank you, very much, dear Martin.

Quite interesting, and useful.

Thanks, dear Brenda!

wonderful. These 119 refferences are a precious jewel.

Thanks very much to all for your great contributes. 

I have always been a defender of multi- and interdisciplinarity in higher education and research. Now I start to defend trans-disciplinarity mostly.

It is really worth spending time in RG, to find helpful friends such as those here. You give precious imediate help to anyone's work. It's so good to belong to RG!

Thank you!

Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Research

Explaining the difference between interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research is important because the terms are very sexy right now and they're used in an exchanged level and they're not the same. So I'll put a plug in for the National Academy. There's a wonderful book that was put out by the National Academy called Doing Interdisciplinary Research, and it probably should be on every researcher's bookshelf. It's available free from the Academy and it's fabulous.

Multidisciplinary research is bringing disciplines together to talk about issues from each of their perspectives. They may collaborate, but they maintain a separation of their disciplines in that process. When the project is done, those disciplines go back to where they came from to start other projects...

https://www.4researchers.org/articles/5213

Dear Ljubomir...

"When the project is done, those disciplines go back to where they came from to start other projects..."

I am certain that this is not so. I definitely believe that those disciplines that crossed paths on a Multidisciplinary project will never return to be the same again. This is why I feel that Multidisciplinary and cross-disciplinary studies are worth more than their price, since the enrichment works both ways, and it may be the fundament of the future development of scientific disciplines...

Thank you for one more highly interesting contribute. (I do wonder if RG would survive without your highly productive contributes!!!-Thank you!-) 

so, we come to the concept of the Third Culture...

https://books.google.com/books?id=d2uALI2CPQQC&redir_esc=y

enjoy!

Dear Maria,

In Museum of Natural History we have many disciplines in the same time and il is very appreciate the multidisciplinary research ...

Way in the islands to study only the trees ? and not the lichens and orchids? It is a problem, our personal knowledge is limited to one speciality. Then, if you can the capacity to invite others around the island thematic, for example, the specialist of fish, we see not only the richness of the sea, but also the influence of flora (Barringtonia asiatica ) to poisoning the sandy  coat ...

The world, that surrounds us, opens the curious scientific

Interdisciplinary: integrating knowledge and methods from different disciplines, using a real synthesis of approaches

Multidisciplinary: people from different disciplines working together, each drawing on their disciplinary knowledge.

Dear @Aladeen, you have posted the identical answer as @Nirmala. See the top of this page. What is the resource? Who is author?

Dear friend, this question is very important nowadays, because our activities, into our classes, change day by day. We have very clear in our mind this different to organize our classes and transform it to be more attractive. Therefore,

Interdisciplinary associates knowledge and methods from different disciplines;

and Multidisciplinary professors work from different disciplines in each knowledge, contribuing for comprenhension of our students giving more meaning in everything that student reads everyday on the Unniversity.

I think that we have to contribute to give to our students meaning for evething that he is studying everyday inside classroom, reducing the time of his perception of the importance of all disciplines. Usually the students only understand it on the end of the course.

Both interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity is when some phenomena stays on the border of different sciences and its full understanding cannot be done using only one science. Approaches can be different. Perhaps multidisiplinarity will try to grasp this phenomenon by its portraits done by specialists in different disciplines. But in some cases it might be "a portrait of an elephant by several blind people touching different parts of its body". However, in many cases it may work well.

Interdisciplinarity assumes the development of new tool coming as combination of tools used by both sciences oriented on this particular problem. It is very useful to have researchers understanding several disciplines. However, too much specialization was done in the recent years and there are too few interdisciplinary specialists today.

I think that RG platform allows for information synthesis, because professionals from different disciplines are pooled together. But, frankly speaking, are there many scientists who are able to do that?

Interdisciplinarity seems empty of disciplinarity, but multidisciplinarity has present multiple disciplines. If one believes is multiple disciplines he trustes in all ones, but interdisciplinarity does not assure confidence in both or several disciplines.

Both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teamwork have been used in healthcare in the past. However, although there is a clear difference between the two approaches to care, many educational researchers and practitioners use these terms interchangeably. The fundamental difference lies in the collaborative care plan that is only developed in interdisciplinary patient interventions, as multidisciplinary care does not emphasize an integrated approach to care.

Multidisciplinary teams are unable to develop a cohesive care plan as each team member uses his or her own expertise to develop individual care goals. In contrast, each team member in an interdisciplinary team build on each other’s expertise to achieve common, shared goals. Therefore, it is crucial to indicate that multidisciplinary teams work in a team; whereas, interdisciplinary teams engage in teamwork.

interdisciplinary care must occur to bring about improved patient outcomes such as more efficient practice, an increased individualized and patient-centred approach and improved quality in care. If healthcare professionals do not have the same intervention goals, patients may suffer. Therefore, if practitioners focus on a single, shared goal, a patient will be more successful in receiving the care that they require.

In addition, the need for interdisciplinary care is increasing as a result of:

• A growing aging population with chronic and complex needs

• The increasing knowledge and skill required to provide comprehensive care to patients

• The increasing specialization in healthcare fields

• The growing encouragement to develop multi-faceted teams in healthcare, and

• The increased emphasis on continuity in care planning.

Therefore, changes in practice approaches and interventions need to take place to advocate for the use of integrated care plans. With a growing aging demographic and the development of more complex health problems, it is crucial that interdisciplinary care is used in all areas of the healthcare field. Interdisciplinary care aims to be an all-inclusive resort to meet the unique care needs of individuals. It is considered to be the “Hallmark of Geriatrics”; therefore, it must be represented in practice to improve quality and efficiency of care to all individuals.

I think interdisciplinarity is synthesis of knowledge of people with different expertise in order to understand some phenomena and create a whole (how to create something from different elements), but multidisciplinarity is section of that whole - analysis of something, peace by peace, done people with different expertise (how to understand something based on its elements). Like puzzles.

Dear sirs, (and in response to dear Mariano's interesting view of the question...), when we stand before the keyboard of a piano, one wouldn't think of playing only one note... 

Every key of the piano has a unique sound on its own, that complements each of the other keys, they can work independently, but they gain, much more when played in careful complement and interaction, to build harmony.

This is my personal view of the present question.

I thank you very much for your precious contributes, that truly complement my views.

Dear @Saeed, why do you continue with plagiarism practice. Just bring the link of original source and it will be good answer then.

Multidisciplinary vs. Interdisciplinary Teamwork: Becoming a More Effective Practitioner!

https://www.socialworkhelper.com/2014/01/14/multidisciplinary-vs-interdisciplinary-teamwork-becoming-effective-practitioner/

• In the first speech, the scholars of the Mosaic who appeared in the Islamic civilization find him (a historian and linguist) and also the group of Moosois who appeared in Europe such as Diderot and his group. In the second level, it applies to the owner of the specialty, ie, taking part of it without the rest,

Both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teamwork have been used in healthcare in the past. However, although there is a clear difference between the two approaches to care, many educational researchers and practitioners use these terms interchangeably. The fundamental difference lies in the collaborative care plan that is only developed in interdisciplinary patient interventions, as multidisciplinary care does not emphasize an integrated approach to care.

Multidisciplinary teams are unable to develop a cohesive care plan as each team member uses his or her own expertise to develop individual care goals. In contrast, each team member in an interdisciplinary team build on each other’s expertise to achieve common, shared goals. Therefore, it is crucial to indicate that multidisciplinary teams work in a team; whereas, interdisciplinary teams engage in teamwork.

https://www.socialworkhelper.com/2014/01/14/multidisciplinary-vs-interdisciplinary-teamwork-becoming-effective-practitioner/

Dear Prof. Maria,

Thanks for using the question to clarify these terms to the global academic community.

Personally, I think interdisciplinary usually has to do with the merging of two or more streams of disciplines, knowledge or fields of research on a particular topic or theme where the theories in both fields are integrated for the same purpose. Usually, they are intertwined where possible at every phase of the work.

On the other hand, multidisciplinary is a cluster of knowledge, disciplines or different streams of knowledge coming together for one purpose whereby each 'group' carries out the project based on the fundamentals or rudiments in their area toward the purpose stated. After that, all the projects from the diverse disciplines or fields are pulled together for that purpose.

Thank you.

Dickson Adom

Dear @Ahmed, I have contributed this article on February 24!!! Just, see above.

We were all answered this question in detail before, exactly as Dr. Ljubomir Jacić  has mentioned.

Emad

I feel very thankful and fortunate to have received so many interesting contributes on this subject.

Amongst this and the many impressive contributes I acknowledged with another question, on Multidisciplinary Education, I am able to build a solid text and presentation on the subject of Interdisciplinarity, multiculturalism, illustrated with images from Anatomy and Art.

Thank you all. !!!

May be interdisciplinary inside same topic there are interaction among different discipline. In the multidisciplinary context there aren't this interactions.

Best regards

Multidisciplinary consists in working together from different disciplines when Interdisciplinary considers knowledge integration, elaboration of specific methodologies, for developing research.

The transdisciplinary is the next step when working from different disciplines you are able to create new concepts, methods, a change of paradigm emerging from a new point of view on the object of research permitted by the union of disciplines that will disappear after and with the new theory.

BR,

Didier

Dear @Maria, I do recommend this article as MUST read.

What Satya Nadella can teach us about need for multidisciplinary framework to broaden knowledge

The old binaries of education need to be revisited, interconnecting knowledge and people into networks of creativity is fundamental...

One of the most publicised events in the last week was the release and publicity around Satya Nadella’s book. The Microsoft boss appears articulate, friendly, obsessed with cricket as a metaphor and as a way of life. Yet, beyond these much advertised quotes, Nadella made some intriguing comments about knowledge.

He talked about the joys and innovative power of interdisciplinarity. He quotes another management guru Barry Hammel, who once observed that if he has a student doing mechanical engineering, he would suggest comparative religion as a second subject...

The need to interconnect knowledge and people into networks of creativity is fundamental. Nadella adds that one needs mindsets to sustain a multidisciplinary framework and he emphasises the importance of teamwork. A team work culture, he suggests, is the right culture for an interdisciplinary group.

Interdisciplinarity is not an arid collection of subjects, but the joyful contribution of people working together. Nadella cites the example of people from design, electrical engineering, and computer science, a multiplicity of disciplines working together in Microsoft...

https://www.dailyo.in/variety/satya-nadella-education-interdisciplinarity/story/1/20540.html

Sharing link,

https://www.4researchers.org/articles/5213

Regards!

Thank you, dear Adriana.

I only just found a new question that complements this.

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Does_reading_multiple_news_sources_make_one_more_open-minded#view=5a9a86abf7b67e7abe34753b

I think it is allowed to use both concepts in the same way, you are not forced to follow if colleague x would like to distinguish two, three or more levels, this is apparently possible. Such proposals could be reasonable in one relation, in another relation and in your own interest it may not be useful to establish, say 5 levels etc. If you like to differentiate, then do, if it is necessary to give reasons for a differentiation then do. In my simple common sense it is possible to establish: multi- as a view of an observer who analyzes, inter- as a view that you are touched in a relation between your own and one or more other disciplines. But this is no prescription for others to do so.

yes, dear Hein.

The fact that we are allowed freedom of mind, is what most attracts me in trans- and cross-disciplinary studies.

A new form of humanistic international free-thinking that will probably change Culture and Science itself, on a better path towards the future.

Conference Paper Interdisciplinarity, Multiculturalism. Anatomy and Art

Multi: many specialists work together

Inter: relationship between specialists

Dear Professor Maria Bettencourt Pires,

Multidisciplinarity is an approach where information from various disciplines is utilised in order to foster wider knowledge, while keeping each discipline separate in terms of structure, knowledge, and identity (Klein, 2010, p. 17). Multidisciplinarity implies that a person studies, simultaneously or in sequence, more than one area of knowledge (e.g. economics and psychology), without making any connections between them.

Interdisciplinarity involves blending of ideas and knowledge from different (often related) disciplines, with an aim of linking different disciplines and topics, while transdisciplinarity goes beyond each involved discipline into an overarching synthesis and new unity of knowledge not specific to any individual discipline (Gibbs, 2015, p. 2).

For more details see: Conference Paper THE CONCEPT OF TRANSDISCIPLINARITY IN ECONOMICS AND FINANCE

With kind regards,

Emira.

Thank you Emira for your outstanding contribution.

Best regards.

Intradisciplinary means working within a single discipline.

Crossdisciplinary me and viewing one discipline from the perspective of another.

Regards

Dear Professor Maria Bettencourt Pires,

In my opinion:

Multidisciplinary: can be seen as a group of people from diverse disciplinary working together with each person representing their disciplinary knowledge.

.

Interdisciplinary: means incorporating knowledge, ideas and methods from different disciplines, with the goal of connecting the various disciplines. For instance, during my PhD dissertation, I had to integrate ideas and knowledge from mathematics, chemistry, physics, mechanical engineering, and materials science using a combination of analytical, computational and experimental approaches to achieve the aims of the research.

As cited in Choi and Pak (2006), “The difference between interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary is based upon three dimensions: numerical, territorial, and epistemological. For the numerical dimension, interdisciplinary involves only two disciplines, and becomes multidisciplinary if more than two disciplines are involved. Although this may on surface seem like a numbers game, interdisciplinary actually focuses on the reciprocal action of two disciplines. For the territorial (or disciplinary boundary) dimension, multidisciplinary often involves little interaction or collaboration across disciplines, like ‘one sees different facets of a crystal by turning it.’ Interdisciplinary, on the other hand, is like ‘you are crossing into another space’, and there is blurring of the professional boundaries. For the epistemological dimension, interdisciplinary involves the creation of a new way of working.”

Reference: Choi, B. C., & Pak, A. W. (2006). Multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity in health research, services, education and policy: 1. Definitions, objectives, and evidence of effectiveness. Clinical and investigative medicine, 29(6), 351.

Dear @Maria, this is the fine story related to your research question.

"...Another major bottleneck is that there is a lot of desire by academia to develop promising biomarkers, but they don’t have the access to the multidisciplinarity that is necessary in order to design a good study from the beginning, which is essential to avoid some of the common pitfalls. We can’t expect academics to be professional product developers and biobanking experts, hence the need to ensure that their team has structural access to many domains.

How important is interdisciplinary working, then?

Interdisciplinarity is very important. If, for instance, a potential biomarker is identified by a biologist or clinician, the public funder will expect them to essentially become a product developer, because they will be asked to now turn that into a diagnostic that is specific, sensitive and robust enough to survive day-to-day clinical use. Currently, it is expected that they find the networks themselves. But a major risk is what you don’t know. If you’re a biologist or clinician, how do you know what your blind spots are in the development process?"

https://www.scitecheuropa.eu/cancer-detection-research/86961/

Thank you, dear Ljubomir!

Îndeed, when working with Medical Sience, I find the utmost importance of team work, interoisciplinarity, and trans-disciplinarity!

In modern medicine we accomplish nothing without good team-work.

A renown Portuguese physician from the 20th century, used to teach his students with the following phrase: "those who only know Medicine, don't evenm know Medicine" (Abel Salazar)

Please have a look at these useful links.

Article Differences in Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Treat...

Agreed to Dr @ Mahmoud Omid

Agreed to Zijad Dzafic

I agree with Ljubomir Jacić !

Multidisciplinary work concept:

Means teams with different functions and broad powers. They are often working in a rapidly changing business environment such as modern technology companies, computer and telecom companies. The aim is to solve problems, respond quickly to rapid developments in the market and meet customer requirements and requirements.

And its terms:

1. Ability to work multiple

2 - not to affect personal problems

3-time division

While, multidisciplinarity is the condition where people from different disciplines working together, each drawing on their disciplinary knowledge. It seems, in general, that the 'interaction' is greater in interdisciplinarity than multidisciplinarity.

Interdisciplinarity means having more than one discipline work together in a collaborative relationship with high levels of cooperation and communication. However, multidisciplinarity is also having more than one discipline work together, but the levels of cooperation and communication are relatively low.

Thank you, dear &Hassan Izzeddin.

Transdisciplinarity will improve communication between disciplines, thus promoting best cooperative results, on all sides.

Dear Maria Bettencourt Pires , this is fine article regarding your research question.

The more multidisciplinary the better? – The prevalence and interdisciplinarity of research collaborations in multidisciplinary institutions

Scientific research is increasingly relying on collaborations to address complex real-world problems. Many researchers, policymakers, and administrators consider a multidisciplinary environment an important factor for fostering research collaborations, especially interdisciplinary ones that involve researchers from different disciplines. However, it remains unknown whether a higher level of multidisciplinarity within an academic institution is associated with internal collaborations that are more prevalent and more interdisciplinary. Analyzing 90,000 publications by 2500 faculty members in over 100 academic institutions from three multidisciplinary areas, information, public policy, and neuroscience, we investigated the connection between multidisciplinarity and research collaborations. Based on social network analysis and text mining, our analysis suggests that more multidisciplinary institutions are not necessarily more collaborative, although they do feature collaborations that are more interdisciplinary. Our findings provide implications for academic administrators and policymakers to promote research collaborations and interdisciplinarity in academic institutions...

https://zhiyzuo.github.io/assets/papers/zuo2018more.pdf