Dear colleagues, recently I had to do a investigation work about autism spectrum disorder and I can saw there are three theories more accepted about the pathophysiology of the disorder, these three theories are those of the chromosomes (1), serotonin and GABA (2), and the other of glutamate and GABBA (3). So I ask for your help to know, Which is the most correct or accepted theory about the pathophysiology of ASD?
Hi,
Many neurotransmitters have been implicated in ASD, including those you have stated. Dopamine, Acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate, serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, N-acetyl aspartate, oxytocin, melatonin have also been studied. Refer to the article cited below on the Neurochemistry of ASD which does not favour any particular neurotransmitter, rather each of them is responsible for a separate set of functional disturbances in behaviour.
Marotta R, Risoleo MC, Messina G, et al. The Neurochemistry of Autism. Brain Sci. 2020;10(3):163. Published 2020 Mar 13. doi:10.3390/brainsci10030163
Al-Otaish H, Al-Ayadhi L, Bjørklund G, Chirumbolo S, Urbina MA, El-Ansary A. Relationship between absolute and relative ratios of glutamate, glutamine and GABA and severity of autism spectrum disorder. Metab Brain Dis. 2018 Jun;33(3):843-854. doi: 10.1007/s11011-018-0186-6.
Here are some references i found:
It looks like there is a lot of new research on this topic. I saw many kther articles in addition to this. I hope this helps.
Galvez-Contreras, A. Y., Zarate-Lopez, D., Torres-Chavez, A. L., & Gonzalez-Perez, O. (2020). Role of oligodendrocytes and myelin in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder. Brain Sciences, 10(12), 951.
Wilson, H. A., Creighton, C., Scharfman, H., Choleris, E., & MacLusky, N. J. (2020). Endocrine Insights into the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Neuroscientist, 1073858420952046.
Sledziowska, M., Galloway, J., & Baudouin, S. J. (2020). Evidence for a contribution of the Nlgn3/Cyfip1/Fmr1 pathway in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders. Neuroscience, 445, 31-41.
Several genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD, most of them are involved in neuronal synaptogenesis. A number of environmental factors and associated conditions such as gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities and immune imbalance have been linked to the pathophysiology of ASD. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4123375/
Genetics. Several different genes appear to be involved in autism spectrum disorder. For some children, autism spectrum disorder can be associated with a genetic disorder, such as Rett syndrome or fragile X syndrome. For other children, genetic changes (mutations) may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20352928
Hello Duran,
Kindly look at this
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/912781-overview
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