Does it only include programming?
When I told an IT firm that an industrial designer could participate in the user experience surveys, interaction design and conceptual ideation; they laughed and did not gave me the job! ;)
What's the meaning of R&D in IT and ICT firms?
Research & Development (R&D) might mean different things to different IT / ICT firms depending on which IT / ICT areas / business they are operating. E.g. R&D for IT hardware companies might focus only on R&D how to develop the fastest compute hardware / network fabric, largest storage capacity & most effective throughput etc.
R&D for software companies might include developing the most secured applications, migrate / rewrite monolithic applications to cloud native applications, develop new applications based on blockchain technologies, develop new programming language which can be easy to learn / use or improve programmers / business users' productivity etc.
Some IT / ICT professional service companies or marketing department of some ICT companies do conduct social science related research to assess user experience in using their hardware or software through online survey questionnaire, interview end users / customers to solicit their wish list / brainstorm to generate new ideas on how to best develop hardware or software that can better transform their customers' business processes etc.
In order to have a productive discussions with these IT / ICT companies, it will be good to find out which R&D areas they are embarking on / talking about or try to discover some insight first through Internet search or other sources. Don't feel surprise sometimes these IT / ICT companies might not share what actual R&D they are doing as they want to keep this as their top secret due to competition reason.
can be refer to the following
http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/ISG/documents/06-IPTS_Makimattila_26112010.pdf
R & D is the process by which a company works to obtain new knowledge that it might use to create new technology, products, services, or systems that it will either use or sell. The goal most often is to add to the company’s bottom line (https://www.shopify.com/encyclopedia/research-and-development-r-d). The end product of R & D is innovation. It is not just taking surveys and interviewing customers, etc. It is a process that always seeks to improve upon the existing technology, products and services, to excite customers. R & D in IT has to do with coming out with new ways of resolving IT issues in organizations through the improvements in softwares, etc. Surveys, etc. may serve as some of the tools that can be employed to achieve it. It is in two folds: RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT. Without the development part, it is not complete. After the research, the development follows, and it is the development that produces the new technology, products and services, and new ways of doing things.
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